{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:41:18Z","timestamp":1787013678233,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To examine prevalence of novel newborn types among 541\u2009285 live births in 23 countries from 2000 to 2021.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Descriptive multi\u2010country secondary data analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n \n Subnational, population\u2010based birth cohort studies (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200945) in 23 low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs) spanning 2000\u20132021.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Population<\/jats:title>\n Liveborn infants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Subnational, population\u2010based studies with high\u2010quality birth outcome data from LMICs were invited to join the Vulnerable Newborn Measurement Collaboration. We defined distinct newborn types using gestational age (preterm [PT], term [T]), birthweight for gestational age using INTERGROWTH\u201021st standards (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA] or large for gestational age [LGA]), and birthweight (low birthweight, LBW [<2500\u2009g], nonLBW) as ten types (using all three outcomes), six types (by excluding the birthweight categorisation), and four types (by collapsing the AGA and LGA categories). We defined small types as those with at least one classification of LBW, PT or SGA. We presented study characteristics, participant characteristics, data missingness, and prevalence of newborn types by region and study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Among 541\u2009285 live births, 476\u2009939 (88.1%) had non\u2010missing and plausible values for gestational age, birthweight and sex required to construct the newborn types. The median prevalences of ten types across studies were T+AGA+nonLBW (58.0%), T+LGA+nonLBW (3.3%), T+AGA+LBW (0.5%), T+SGA+nonLBW (14.2%), T+SGA+LBW (7.1%), PT+LGA+nonLBW (1.6%), PT+LGA+LBW (0.2%), PT+AGA+nonLBW (3.7%), PT+AGA+LBW (3.6%) and PT+SGA+LBW (1.0%). The median prevalence of small types (six types, 37.6%) varied across studies and within regions and was higher in Southern Asia (52.4%) than in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa (34.9%).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Further investigation is needed to describe the mortality risks associated with newborn types and understand the implications of this framework for local targeting of interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in LMICs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T18:30:22Z","timestamp":1683570622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Vulnerable newborn types: analysis of subnational, population\u2010based birth cohorts for 541\u2009285 live births in 23\u00a0countries, 2000\u20132021"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2852-280X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. 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