{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:24:51Z","timestamp":1747182291603,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the relation of COVID\u201019 symptoms to COVID\u201019 antibody positivity among unvaccinated pregnant women in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMIC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 infection status measured by antibody positivity at delivery was compared with the symptoms of COVID\u201019 in the current pregnancy in a prospective, observational cohort study in seven LMICs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study was conducted among women in the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health's Maternal and Newborn Health Registry (MNHR), a prospective, population\u2010based study in Kenya, Zambia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Bangladesh, Pakistan, India (Belagavi and Nagpur sites) and Guatemala.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pregnant women enrolled in the ongoing pregnancy registry at study sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on COVID\u201019 symptoms during the current pregnancy were collected by trained staff between October 2020 and June 2022. COVID\u201019 antibody testing was performed on samples collected at delivery. The relation between COVID\u201019 antibody positivity and symptoms was assessed using generalised linear models with a binomial distribution adjusting for site and symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 antibody status and symptoms of COVID\u201019 among pregnant women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 19\u2009218 non\u2010vaccinated pregnant women who were evaluated, 14.1% of antibody\u2010positive women had one or more symptoms compared with 13.4% in antibody\u2010negative women. Overall, 85.3% of antibody\u2010positive women reported no COVID\u201019 symptoms during the present pregnancy. Reported fever was significantly associated with antibody status (relative risk [RR] 1.10, 95% CI 1.03\u201311.18; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008). A multiple variable model adjusting for site and all eight symptoms during pregnancy showed similar results (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.23; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.012). None of the other symptoms was significantly related to antibody positivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a population\u2010based cohort in LMICs, unvaccinated pregnant women who were antibody\u2010positive had slightly more symptoms during their pregnancy and a small but significantly greater increase in fever. However, for prevalence studies, evaluating COVID\u201019\u2010related symptoms does not appear to be useful in differentiating pregnant women who have had a COVID\u201019 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T07:54:48Z","timestamp":1689839688000},"page":"140-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["COVID\u201019 symptoms and antibody positivity among unvaccinated pregnant women: An observational study in seven countries from the Global Network"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2176-4697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avinash","family":"Kavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College  Belagavi 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J.","family":"Derman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thomas Jefferson University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seemab","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aga Khan University  Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8690-6932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sk Masum","family":"Billah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (icddr,b)  Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales 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