{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:13:08Z","timestamp":1791238388946,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To understand the extent to which adolescent awareness about anaemia and anaemia prevention can be changed by nutrition messages received at school.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mixed\u2010methods pre\u2013post intervention study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three government schools in Bagalkot, Belagavi and Raichur districts of Karnataka, India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>Students of grade six and seven and teachers involved in implementing the intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An educational intervention was co\u2010developed by school teachers and nutrition experts using locally adapted resource materials that consisted of lectures, role play and practical demonstrations. Seven half\u2010hour educational sessions were delivered by school teachers over 7\u2009weeks to 455 students. Pre\u2010 and post\u2010intervention tests measured changes in adolescents' knowledge about anaemia. Semi\u2010structured in\u2010depth interviews with teachers and focus groups with students explored their reactions to the intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Knowledge score related to anaemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The percentage of children with correct scores increased by 7.3\u201349.0 percentage points for the tested questions after implementation of the intervention. The mean knowledge score increased by 3.67\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). During interviews, teachers and students highlighted high acceptance of the intervention and materials, an increase in awareness, a positive attitude towards changing behaviour around diet, an increase in the demand for iron and folic acid supplements and improved sharing of messages learned with peers and families. Challenges expressed included need for further training, time limitations and hesitancy in teaching about menstruation and pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Educational interventions carried out for adolescents by teachers in schools are effective in improving awareness and attitude related to anaemia and its prevention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T13:59:58Z","timestamp":1690984798000},"page":"113-123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Impact of a school\u2010based nutrition educational intervention on knowledge related to iron deficiency anaemia in rural Karnataka, India: A mixed methods pre\u2013post interventional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"Shumona Sharmin","family":"Salam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Metabolism University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umesh","family":"Ramadurg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S Nijalingappa Medical College and HSK Hospital and Research Centre  Bagalkot Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umesh","family":"Charantimath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research J N Medical College  Belagavi Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6893-1504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geetanjali","family":"Katageri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S Nijalingappa Medical College and HSK Hospital and Research Centre  Bagalkot Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronwen","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Metabolism University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayaraj","family":"Mhetri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S Nijalingappa Medical College and HSK Hospital and Research Centre  Bagalkot Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrinivas","family":"Patil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S Nijalingappa Medical College and HSK Hospital and Research Centre  Bagalkot Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashalata","family":"Mallapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S Nijalingappa Medical College and HSK Hospital and Research Centre  Bagalkot Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrashekhar","family":"Karadiguddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research J N Medical College  Belagavi Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phaniraj","family":"Vastrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Model Rural Health Research Unit  Sirwar Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwini","family":"Dandappanavar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research J N Medical College  Belagavi Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subarna","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICMR\u2010National Institute of Traditional Medicine  Belagavi Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basavaraj","family":"Peerapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences  Raichur Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivaprasad","family":"Goudar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research J N Medical College  Belagavi Karnataka India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilly O. 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