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Earlier age at menarche (AAM) has been associated with metabolic disorders that increase risk for preterm delivery (PTD), yet no studies in the US have investigated whether AAM influences risk of PTD. This study tested the hypothesis that AAM is associated with PTD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case\u2013control study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Boston Medical Center (BMC) in Boston, Massachusetts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population or Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>8264 mother\u2010newborn dyads enrolled at birth at BMC between 1998 and 2019, of which 2242 mothers had PTD (cases) and 6022 did not have PTD (controls).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multivariable\u2010adjusted logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to examine the association between AAM and risk of PTD. The combined impact of AAM and age at delivery on the risk of PTD was also examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preterm delivery and gestational age (GA) was defined by maternal last menstrual period and early ultrasound documented in medical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal age at delivery was 28.1\u2009\u00b1\u20096.5\u2009years and AAM was 12.85\u2009\u00b1\u20091.86\u2009years. Multivariable\u2010adjusted cubic spline suggested an inverse dose\u2013response association of AAM with odds of PTD and, consistently, a positive association with GA. A 1\u2010year earlier AAM was associated with 5% (95% CI 2%\u20138%) higher odds of PTD, after adjustment for maternal year of birth, parity, maternal place of birth, education, smoking status and Mediterranean\u2010style diet score. The association between AAM and PTD was stronger among older mothers whose age at delivery was \u226535\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Earlier AAM is associated with higher odds for PTD, and this association is stronger among women at advanced reproductive age.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T23:54:43Z","timestamp":1693785283000},"page":"424-432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mother's age at menarche is associated with odds of preterm delivery: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8591-8707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity &amp; Diabetes Center, Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiumei","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Early Life Origins of Disease, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel T.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity &amp; Diabetes Center, Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Preterm birth. 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