{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:08:11Z","timestamp":1793117291621,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,2]],"date-time":"2024-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z190021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z190021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971366"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971366"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength and influencing factors among healthy women at different life stages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multicentre cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fourteen hospitals in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 5040 healthy women allocated to the following groups (with 1680 women per group): premenopausal nulliparous, premenopausal parous and postmenopausal.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The PFM strength was evaluated by vaginal manometry. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the influencing factors for low PFM strength.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maximum voluntary contraction pressure (MVCP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The median MVCP values were 36, 35 and 35\u2009cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O in premenopausal nulliparous (aged 19\u201351\u2009years), premenopausal parous (aged 22\u201361\u2009years), and postmenopausal (aged 40\u201386\u2009years) women, respectively. In the premenopausal nulliparous group, physical work (odds ratio, OR\u20092.05) was the risk factor for low PFM strength, which may be related to the chronic increased abdominal pressure caused by physical work. In the premenopausal parous group, the number of vaginal deliveries (OR\u20091.28) and diabetes (OR 2.70) were risk factors for low PFM strength, whereas sexual intercourse (&lt;2 times per week vs. none, OR\u20090.55; \u22652 times per week vs. none, OR\u20090.56) and PFM exercise (OR 0.50) may have protective effects. In the postmenopausal group, the number of vaginal deliveries (OR\u20091.32) and family history of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) (OR\u20091.83) were risk factors for low PFM strength.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physical work, vaginal delivery, diabetes and a family history of POP are all risk factors for low PFM strength, whereas PFM exercises and sexual life can have a protective effect. The importance of these factors varies at different stages of a woman's life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]],"date-time":"2024-01-03T02:45:15Z","timestamp":1704249915000},"page":"952-960","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pelvic floor muscle strength and influencing factors based on vaginal manometry among healthy women at different life stages: A multicentre cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Zhi\u2010Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric &amp; Gynecologic Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric &amp; 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