{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:17:37Z","timestamp":1793038657584,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":198,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]],"date-time":"2024-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Key recommendations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>An objective and validated index of nausea and vomiting such as the Pregnancy\u2010Unique Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) and HyperEmesis Level Prediction (HELP) tools can be used to classify the severity of NVP and HG. [Grade C]<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Ketonuria is not an indicator of dehydration and should not be used to assess severity. [Grade A]<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>There are safety and efficacy data for first line antiemetics such as anti (H1) histamines, phenothiazines and doxylamine\/pyridoxine (Xonvea\u00ae) and they should be prescribed initially when required for NVP and HG (Appendix\u00a0III). [Grade A]<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\n                          There is evidence that ondansetron is safe and effective. Its use as a second line antiemetic should not be discouraged if first line antiemetics are ineffective. Women can be reassured regarding a very small increase in the absolute risk of orofacial clefting with ondansetron\n                          <jats:italic>use in the first trimester<\/jats:italic>\n                          , which should be balanced with the risks of poorly managed HG. [Grade B]\n                        <\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Metoclopramide is safe and effective and can be used alone or in combination with other antiemetics. [Grade B]<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Because of the risk of extrapyramidal effects metoclopramide should be used as second\u2010line therapy. Intravenous doses should be administered by slow bolus injection over at least 3 minutes to help minimise these. [Grade C]<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Women should be asked about previous adverse reactions to antiemetic therapies. If adverse reactions occur, there should be prompt cessation of the medications. [GPP]<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Normal saline (0.9% NaCl) with additional potassium chloride in each bag, with administration guided by daily monitoring of electrolytes, is the most appropriate intravenous hydration. [Grade C]<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Combinations of different drugs should be used in women who do not respond to a single antiemetic. Suggested antiemetics for UK use are given in Appendix\u00a0III. [GPP]<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>Thiamine supplementation (either oral 100 mg tds or intravenous as part of vitamin B complex (Pabrinex\u00ae)) should be given to all women admitted with vomiting, or severely reduced dietary intake, especially before administration of dextrose or parenteral nutrition. [Grade D]<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>All therapeutic measures should have been tried before considering termination of pregnancy. [Grade C]<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]],"date-time":"2024-02-04T19:30:10Z","timestamp":1707075010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["The Management of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum (Green\u2010top Guideline No. 69)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Nelson\u2010Piercy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjeet","family":"Shehmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Gadsby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"O'Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Hodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Nana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp18X700745"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2008.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029\u20107844(02)02024\u20100"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Determinants of the need for hospital care among women with nausea and vomiting of pregnancy","volume":"24","author":"Atanackovic G","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp20X710885"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20100528.2005.00765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurox.2019.100105"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","first-page":"e171","article-title":"Quantifying the global rates of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a meta analysis","volume":"20","author":"Einarson TR","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14197"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.15662"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.06.02.542661"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.17129"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a\u20100661\u20100287"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","volume-title":"Developing a Green\u2010top Guideline: guidance for developers","author":"Gynaecologists RCoOa","year":"2020"},{"issue":"371","key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"A prospective study of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy","volume":"43","author":"Gadsby R","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-198402000-00003"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","first-page":"889","article-title":"The Index of Nausea, Vomiting, and Retching: a new format of the lndex of Nausea and Vomiting","volume":"26","author":"Rhodes VA","year":"1999","journal-title":"Oncol Nurs Forum."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.123054"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610500060651"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.05.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701\u20102163(16)34298\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a\u20101309\u20101997"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002\u20109378(11)91565\u20108"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Wernicke's encephalopathy in hyperemesis gravidarum: association with abnormal liver function","volume":"30","author":"Rotman P","year":"1994","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102020\u2010047463"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_1","first-page":"712","article-title":"Assessing Malnutrition in Pregnant Women Using the Dietary Diversity Score and the Mid\u2010Upper Arm Circumference: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"11","author":"Mayimbo SHC","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zambia. Food and Nutrition Sciences."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8071040"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/gow013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_1","volume-title":"Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool","author":"BAPEN","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_1","volume-title":"The 'MUST' Explanatory Booklet","author":"BAPEN","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d3606"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010018\u20102093\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.6.6.685"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2014.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12092810"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2016.02.016"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_14_42_1","first-page":"48","article-title":"Measuring outpatient outcomes of emesis and nausea management in pregnant women","volume":"13","author":"Lombardi DG","year":"2004","journal-title":"Manag Care."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000449"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_44_1","article-title":"Hyperemesis day centre audit [E\u2010poster EP13.25]","volume":"120","author":"TN K, S K, M S","year":"2013","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/dtb.2018.000053"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4137\/NMI.S29532"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13261"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000479"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000242"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_50_1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Ondansetrone or metoclopromide? Which is more effective in severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy? A randomized trial double\u2010blind study","volume":"40","author":"Kashifard M","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1342805"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100037\u20101598652"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13224\u2010015\u20100709\u20106"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_54_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Morning sickness and vitamin B6 status of pregnant women","volume":"39","author":"Schuster K","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hum Nutr Clin Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010607.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000181182"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.480"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/89.2.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20100528.2001.00017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002\u20109378(98)70189\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obstetgynecol.2003.08.013"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_62_1","first-page":"449","article-title":"Ginger is ineffective for hyperemesis gravidarum, and causes harm: an internet based survey of sufferers","volume":"25","author":"CR D, ME OH","year":"2015","journal-title":"MIDRIS Midwifery Digest."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2016.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007575.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495\u2010200059040\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.122596"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.14337"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010015\u20100488\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.278343"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002679"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.18307"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2017.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2019.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_74_1","unstructured":"MonographU.Use of ondansetron in pregnancy.2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2018.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20100528.2004.00236.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.18587"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz255"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_14_80_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Ondansetron Use in Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Congenital Malformations \u2013 A Register Based Nationwide Cohort Study [ABSTRACT]","volume":"12","author":"J A, E J\u2010S, N A, H P","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1211035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/909860"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_84_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"The safety of ondansetron and chlorpromazine for hyperemesis gravidarum in first trimester pregnancy","volume":"20","author":"\u00d6zdemirci SA","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gynecology Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2016.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1705"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.5329"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_88_1","volume-title":"European Medicines Agency recommends changes to the use of metoclopramide","author":"Agency EM","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.03.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_90_1","unstructured":"MonographU.Use of Corticosteroids in Pregnancy. Version 1 ed2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/47.6.350"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2009.1431"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/585269"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6852.517"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_14_95_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Clinical utility of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the management of recurrent and intractable vomiting in pregnancy","volume":"53","author":"Debby A","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Reprod Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.122"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701\u20102163(16)34240\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_99_1","volume-title":"Reducing the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism during Pregnancy and the Puerperium. Green\u2010top Guideline No. 37a","author":"Gynaecologists RCoOa","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610802628528"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew128"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523\u2010536X.2010.00411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_103_1","volume-title":"I could not survive another day. Improving treatment and tackling stigma: lessons from women's experience of abortion for severe pregnancy sickness","author":"Pregnancy Sickness Support BPAS","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000195060.22832.cd"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12416"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010018\u20101786\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_107_1","volume-title":"Intravenous fluid therapy in adults in hospital. NICE clinical guideline 174","author":"Excellence NIoHaC","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000010189"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010106.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01674820109049946"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610410001722581"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0b013e3182748489"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199\u2010200209000\u201000006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404\u2010013\u20102934\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20100528.2008.01891.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.122605"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J010v36n01_05"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.122604"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2010.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479\u2010828x.2000.tb01167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523\u2010536x.1992.tb00671.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2012.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OGX.0b013e3182a8784d"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166133"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010017\u20101249\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.14180"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737\u2010017\u20100770\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajo.12714"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2018.170320"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2018.26.2.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01674820309042804"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005237\u2010200410000\u201000002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.12035"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1607\u2010551X(08)70157\u20108"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_14_136_1","first-page":"520","article-title":"Changing attitudes and perceptions to hyperemesis gravidarum","volume":"6","author":"Soltani H","year":"2003","journal-title":"RCM Midwives."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_137_1","unstructured":"Support PS.Accessed 1 March 2016.https:\/\/www.pregnancysicknesssupport.org.uk"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_138_1","unstructured":"Foundation HEar.Hyperemesis Education and research Foundation. Accessed 1 March 2016 2016.https:\/\/www.hyperemesis.org"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_139_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"The impact of online information on health related quality of life amongst women with nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and hyperemesis gravidarum","volume":"24","author":"A S, C S","year":"2014","journal-title":"MIDRIS Midwifery Digest."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092036"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211906"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_142_1","article-title":"Termination of wanted pregnancy and suicidal ideation in hyperemesis gravidarum: A mixed methods study","author":"Nana MTF","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obstetric Medicine."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2006.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_144_1","first-page":"321","article-title":"Seeking medical help for Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum in primary careeeking medical help for nausea andvomiting in pregnancy and hyperemesis","volume":"23","author":"Sykes C","year":"2013","journal-title":"MIDRIS Midwifery Digest."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027678"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_146_1","first-page":"186","article-title":"Does the historical stigma of hyperemesis gravidarum impact healthcare professional's attitudes and treatment towards women with the condition today? A review of recent literature","volume":"26","author":"Dean C","year":"2016","journal-title":"MIDRIS Midwifery Digest."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_147_1","unstructured":"O'HaraM.Survey of HCP attitudes responses: form responses."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_148_1","unstructured":"O'HaraM.Women's experience of hyperemesis gravidarum: results of self reported online surveys."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02813432.2019.1569424"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_150_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Experience of hyperemesis gravid arum in a subsequent pregnancy","volume":"27","author":"O'Hara M","year":"2017","journal-title":"MIDRIS."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737\u2010009\u20100064\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002\u20109378(68)90445\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0277\u20109536(01)00239\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_154_1","unstructured":"SwallowB.Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: psychological and social aspects [PhD dissertation]. Lincoln: University of Lincoln.2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0167482X.2011.560691"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547\u20105069.2003.00119.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25011\/cim.v34i4.15367"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2012.06.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2009.1851"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_14_160_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"The incidence of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP): a comparison between depressed women treated with antidepressants and non\u2010depressed women","volume":"29","author":"Bozzo P","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Invest Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152460901300233948"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12592"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064\u2010015\u20100820\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5350\/DAJPN2016290402"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2015.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12891\/ceog3173.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610310001620251"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102020\u2010039715"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2021.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0029\u20107844(00)01097\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737\u2010018\u20100909\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/capr.12151"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/278905"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000119222.40241.fb"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.582904"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741\u20107015\u20108\u201046"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.851187"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e328342d208"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12578"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_183_1","unstructured":"Excellence NIfHCa.Nutrition support for adults: oral nutrition support enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition. NICE. Updated 04 August 2017.https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg32\/ifp\/chapter\/About\u2010this\u2010information"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2008.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0261\u20105614(03)00088\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-5614(98)80008-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2324709620975954"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607109333000"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_189_1","unstructured":"Pregnancy Sickness Support BPAS.I could not survive another day. Improving treatment and tackling stigma: lessons from women's experience of abortion for severe pregnancy sickness. PSS.https:\/\/www.pregnancysicknesssupport.org.uk\/documents\/HGbpasPSSreport_docx.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/om.2008.080046"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2007.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_192_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mortality Secondary to Hyperemesis Gravidarum: A Case Report","author":"MacGibbon KFM","year":"2015","journal-title":"Women's Health & Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.14454"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025451"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.03.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/809787"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102020\u2010041254"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_199_1","unstructured":"Irish Medicines in Pregnancy Service: Position Statement on Ondansetron Use in Pregnancy. 23 October 2019 2019.https:\/\/rotunda.ie\/rotunda\u2010pdfs\/IMPS%20Ondansetron%20V3%20231019.pdf#:~:text=The%20Irish%20Medicines%20in%20Pregnancy%20Service%20%28IMPS%29%20recommend in%20national%20clinical%20guidelines%2C%20have%20not%20been%20effective"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.18258","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000}},{"DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.70298","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000}}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17739","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T20:27:12Z","timestamp":1733084832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17739"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]]},"references-count":198,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1471-0528.17739"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17739","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}