{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T02:36:22Z","timestamp":1775961382728,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate how reproductive history was associated with urinary incontinence in midlife.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A follow\u2010up study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Denmark.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Population<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 39\u2009977 mothers who participated in the Maternal Follow up (2013\u20132014) in the Danish National Birth Cohort. National registries provided their reproductive history.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>How parity, mode of birth and obstetric tears associated with urinary incontinence were estimated with adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI using logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Main outcome measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010reported urinary incontinence including subtypes stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At an average age of 44\u2009years, the prevalence of any urinary incontinence was 32% (21% stress, 2% urge, and 8% mixed urinary incontinence). Women with two births more often had urinary incontinence than women with one birth (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10\u20131.31). Compared with women with only spontaneous births, a history of only caesarean sections was associated with much lower odds of urinary incontinence (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.35\u20130.42) and a history of instrumental births with slightly lower odds (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86\u20130.98). Compared with no tear\/first\u2010degree tear as the largest tear, episiotomy was associated with less urinary incontinence (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86\u20130.97) whereas third\/fourth\u2010degree tears were associated with more (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04\u20131.25). Findings were mainly explained by similar associations with stress and mixed urinary incontinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vaginal birth was associated with a higher risk of long\u2010term urinary incontinence, but our results indicate that this risk may be reduced by shortening the second stage of birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T09:44:44Z","timestamp":1716803084000},"page":"1495-1505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Reproductive history of parous women and urinary incontinence in midlife: A National Birth Cohort follow\u2010up study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4825-4256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne 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