{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T16:25:02Z","timestamp":1785515102669,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014589","name":"Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HIPS\/17\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIPS\/17\/09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008247","name":"University of Otago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008247","name":"University of Otago","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD; urinary incontinence (UI), faecal incontinence (FI) and prolapse) \u226520\u2009years after childbirth and their association with delivery mode history and demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cohort study with long\u2010term follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternity units in Aberdeen and Birmingham (UK) and Dunedin (NZ).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women giving birth in 1993\/1994.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Postal questionnaires at 20 (New Zealand) or 26 (United Kingdom) years after index birth (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096195). Regression analyses investigated associations between risk factors and UI, FI and prolapse symptoms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of self\u2010reported UI, FI, \u2018something coming down\u2019 from or in the vagina (SCD), and the Pelvic Organ Prolapse\u2010Symptom Score, and relationships with delivery method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010seven per cent (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092270) responded at 20\/26\u2009years, of whom 61% reported UI (59% of whom reported more severe UI), 22% FI and 17% prolapse symptoms. Having only caesarean section (CS) was associated with a significantly lower risk of UI (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46\u20130.85), FI (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42\u20130.96) and SCD (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27\u20130.74) compared to only spontaneous vaginal deliveries (SVDs). Having any forceps delivery was associated with reporting FI compared to only SVDs (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.66), but there was no association for UI (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.76\u20131.19) or SCD (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.80\u20131.38). Higher current BMI was associated with all PFD outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prevalence of PFD continues to increase up to 26\u2009years following index birth, and differences were observed according to delivery mode history. Exclusive CS was associated with less risk of UI, FI and any prolapse symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17913","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T20:01:30Z","timestamp":1722369690000},"page":"1815-1823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Urinary incontinence, faecal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse symptoms 20\u201326\u2009years after childbirth: A longitudinal cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9741-9160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Hagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow 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