{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:42:17Z","timestamp":1787064137679,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1104231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1104231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify factors associated with neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) in early Gestational diabetes mellitus (eGDM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nested case\u2013control analysis of the TOBOGM trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventeen hospitals: Australia, Sweden, Austria and India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant women, &lt;20\u2009weeks' gestation, singleton, GDM risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women with GDM risk factors completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before 20\u2009weeks: those with eGDM (WHO\u20102013 criteria) were randomised to immediate or deferred GDM treatment. Logistic regression compared pregnancies with\/without NRD, and in pregnancies with NRD, those with\/without high\u2010dependency nursery admission for \u226424\u2009h with those admitted for &gt;24\u2009h. Comparisons were adjusted for age, pre\u2010pregnancy body mass index, ethnicity, smoking, primigravity, education and site. Adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) are reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NRD definition: \u22654\u2009h of respiratory support (supplemental oxygen or supported ventilation) postpartum. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS): Supported ventilation and \u226524\u2009h nursery stay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety\u2010nine (12.5%) of 793 infants had NRD; incidence halved (0.50, 0.31\u20130.79) if GDM treatment was started early. NRD was associated with Caesarean section (2.31, 1.42\u20133.76), large for gestational age (LGA) (1.83, 1.09\u20133.08) and shorter gestation (0.95, 0.93\u20130.97 per day longer). Among NRD infants, &gt;24\u2009h nursery\u2010stay was associated with higher OGTT 1\u2010h glucose (1.38, 1.08\u20131.76 per mmol\/L). Fifteen (2.0%) infants had RDS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identifying and treating eGDM reduces NRD risk. NRD is more likely with Caesarean section, LGA and shorter gestation. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms behind this eGDM complication and any long\u2010term effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]],"date-time":"2024-08-19T05:15:24Z","timestamp":1724044524000},"page":"1087-1095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effect of treatment for early gestational diabetes mellitus on neonatal respiratory distress: A secondary analysis of the\n                    <scp>TOBOGM<\/scp>\n                    study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0560-0761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Simmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Western Sydney University  Campbelltown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2020-4791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jincy","family":"Immanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Western Sydney University  Campbelltown New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William M.","family":"Hague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzette","family":"Coat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute The University of Adelaide  Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Teede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Nolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Canberra Hospital and Australian National University  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Peek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Psychology Australian National University  Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff R.","family":"Flack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Bankstown\u2010Lidcombe Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Blacktown Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent W.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Liverpool Hospital and University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Hibbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepean Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney and Nepean Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Kautzky\u2010Willer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Harreiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gender Medicine Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Landesklinikum Scheibbs  Scheibbs Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2691-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Backman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health \u00d6rebro University  \u00d6rebro Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Gianatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology and Diabetes Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospitals  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianne","family":"Sweeting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Royal Prince Alfred Hospital  Sydney New South Wales 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Wah","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Westmead Hospital  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the TOBOGM Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02823875"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2012.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.045971"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-017-4505-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The infant of diabetic mother","volume":"97","author":"Gellis SS","year":"1959","journal-title":"AMA J Dis Child"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.152.3.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-019-01327-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2014.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902430"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042973"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2214956"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja17.01129"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1809-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707943"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204091"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004420"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0200"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1071"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1604414"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00053.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199510000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17154"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17548"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Rehman S","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children8040281"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2126"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17938","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T04:56:44Z","timestamp":1749790604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17938"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1471-0528.17938"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17938","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}