{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T23:08:08Z","timestamp":1780700888884,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Child marriage forces a girl into adult roles before physical and psychological maturity, which can take a toll on women's health over the life course. This article aims to assess whether child marriage and adolescent childbearing are associated with elevated risk of gynaecologic disorders leading to hysterectomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional and time\u2010to\u2010event analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>528\u2009816 ever\u2010married women, aged 20\u201349\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women were grouped in four mutually exclusive categories: (i) married adult\u2014not an adolescent mother (reference category), (ii) married adult\u2014adolescent mother, (iii) married child\u2014not an adolescent mother and (iv) married child\u2014adolescent mother. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted to assess the odds of hysterectomy for these groups. Nonparametric Kaplan\u2013Meier survivor functions were estimated to evaluate survival rates across the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Whether had a hysterectomy and age when hysterectomy was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to women married as adults, not an adolescent mother, women married in childhood and gave birth in adolescence were 1.87 (95% CI: 1.78\u20131.96) times more likely to have a hysterectomy. The latter group also had the lowest survival probability for hysterectomy at all ages (e.g., 85.80% [95% CI: 85.41\u201386.18] at age 49\u2009years as compared to 91.65% [95% CI: 91.37\u201391.89] for the former group). Women married as children but not adolescent mothers and married as an adult but gave birth in adolescence also had higher odds of hysterectomy\u20141.40 (95% CI: 1.31\u20131.50) and 1.53 (95% CI: 1.40\u20131.66) times of that of the reference group, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results, showing a strong relationship between child marriage and hysterectomy, contribute to the literature on later\u2010life health consequences of child marriage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.17950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T04:09:31Z","timestamp":1725595771000},"page":"2042-2051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Role of Child Marriage and Adolescent Childbearing on Hysterectomy Among Married Women in India: A Cross\u2010Sectional and Time\u2010to\u2010Event Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2559-850X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biplab Kumar","family":"Datta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public and Preventive Health Augusta University  Augusta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Health Management, Economics and Policy Augusta University  Augusta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwini","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public and Preventive Health Augusta University  Augusta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Community &amp; Behavioral Health Sciences Augusta University  Augusta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010022\u201012707\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2024.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.15211"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech\u20102019\u2010213149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) \u201cIs an End to Child Marriage Within Reach? Latest Trends and Future Prospects \u2013 2023 Update \u201daccessed March 7 2024 https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/resources\/is\u2010an\u2010end\u2010to\u2010child\u2010marriage\u2010within\u2010reach\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201041863\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.15858"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978\u2010019\u20100780\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17455065211017068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2019.1687634"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905\u2010022\u201002072\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.IJCM_12_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978\u2010017\u20100445\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2019.1683847"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.12.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40695\u2010022\u201000084\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905\u2010020\u201001075\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","volume-title":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS\u20105), 2019\u201321: India","author":"International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2008.09.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178884"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0973703020950263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371\u2010022\u201000730\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010021\u201011488\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyad051"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17950","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T05:37:54Z","timestamp":1762493874000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17950"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1471-0528.17950"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.17950","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}