{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T01:29:24Z","timestamp":1791941364947,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To quantify the burden of poor reproductive health in England by age, ethnicity, and financial security.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>England.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>59\u2009332 women and people assigned female at birth aged 16\u201355\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Reproductive Health Survey for England 2023 (RHSE2023) used an online convenience sampling strategy and a self\u2010completion questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>13 indicators of reproductive health organised into three domains: reproductive morbidities (including endometriosis, fibroids); menstrual health (severely painful and\/or heavy periods; menopausal symptoms); and pregnancy\u2010related adverse experiences (pregnancy loss, infertility, unplanned pregnancy) in the last year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared to the general population, our sample over\u2010represented those with higher education levels and under\u2010represented minority ethnic groups. 28.0% of participants reported at least one reproductive morbidity; 61.9% reported menstrual\u2010related issue(s); and 5.5% reported pregnancy\u2010related adverse experience(s) in the last year, with considerable variation by age. Compiling the three domains, 73.7% reported at least one indicator of poor reproductive health. Inequalities were observed: Black British, Caribbean, and African women had increased odds of reporting reproductive morbidity (aOR: 1.69); heavy and\/or severely painful periods (aOR: 1.28); and pregnancy\u2010related adverse experience (aOR: 1.50). Financial insecurity was also associated with poor reproductive health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As the first study to simultaneously examine this broad range of indicators of reproductive health within a single sample, we highlight the substantial burden of poor reproductive health in England, with evident ethnic and financial inequalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.18133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T22:00:58Z","timestamp":1743026458000},"page":"2052-2063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Burden of Poor Reproductive Health in England: Results From a Cross\u2010Sectional Survey"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3937-8070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ona L.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech\u20102023\u2010220835"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech\u20102024\u2010222060"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)01595\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12640"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"UNFPA ed \u201cProgramme of Action Adopted at the International Conference on Population and Development. 5\u201013 September 1994 ISBN 0\u201389714\u2013696\u20104 \u201d1994."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"DHSC \u201cPolicy Paper: Women's Health Strategy for England. 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