{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:16:07Z","timestamp":1789172167617,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000833","name":"Rosetrees Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000833","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011102","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305823"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305823"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Foetal growth restriction (FGR) affects 10% of pregnancies, contributing to 30% of stillbirths. Current management of early\u2010onset FGR (&lt;\u200932\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks' gestation) delivers the foetus before stillbirth or irreversible organ damage. The resulting preterm births create additional risks independent of FGR. We determined the economic cost associated with severe early\u2010onset FGR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Economic analysis of EVERREST prospective study, a 6\u2010year multicentre prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UK, Spain, Germany, Sweden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant women with estimated foetal weight\u2009&lt;\u20093rd centile, 20\u2009+\u20090\u201326\u2009+\u20096\u2009weeks of gestation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between antenatal recruitment and 2\u2009years post\u2010delivery, maternal and infant resource use was collected using the Global Pregnancy CoLaboratory (COLAB) data set and an adapted client service receipt inventory (CSRI) questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measure<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cost differences between gestational age groups with Multivariable Generalised Linear Models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 135 births, 46% were extremely preterm (EPT, &lt;\u200928\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks), 23% very preterm (VPT, 28\u2009+\u20090\u2013&lt;\u200932\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks), 16% late\/moderate preterm (MLPT, 32\u2009+\u20090\u2013&lt;\u200937\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks) and 14% term. Neonatal Unit (NNU) costs accounted for the largest costs incurred by either mother or infant, exhibiting the largest differences between gestational age groups. EPT infants costed an additional \u00a3157\u2009832 (95% CI: \u00a396\u2009904\u2013\u00a3218\u2009760) on average per infant compared to the term group, VPT infants an additional \u00a393\u2009709 (95% CI: \u00a362\u2009656\u2013\u00a3124\u2009761) and MLPT infants an additional \u00a320\u2009182 (\u00a311\u2009882\u2013\u00a328\u2009482).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early\u2010onset FGR has substantial costs, predominantly incurred during infants' NNU admissions. Births &lt;\u200932\u2009+\u20090\u2009weeks have significantly higher costs than term births, providing economic justification to research therapies that reduce iatrogenic preterm birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02097667<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.18266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T04:54:01Z","timestamp":1750740841000},"page":"61-70","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Economic Impact of Severe Early\u2010Onset Foetal Growth Restriction: A Multicentre Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"George","family":"Bray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Health 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Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Rambam Medical Centre  Haifa Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5558-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tal","family":"Weissbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sheba Tel Hashomer Hospital  Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald M.","family":"Peebles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health University College London  London 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