{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:12:43Z","timestamp":1787591563542,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007480","name":"Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\u2010UNIVERS\u201011373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\u2010UNIVERS\u201011373"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007480","name":"Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\u2010UNIVERS\u201012845"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\u2010UNIVERS\u201012845"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007480","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common symptom after childbirth. Training interventions are recommended for its management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effects of abdominal and\/or pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) combined with other conservative tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search Strategy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) databases were searched from inception to November 6th, 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Selection Criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three reviewers independently reviewed titles, abstracts, and full texts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Collection and Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Experimental studies addressing the effects of training interventions on UI severity during the postpartum period were included. The Hartung\u2013Knapp\u2013Sidik\u2013Jonkman method was used to calculate pooled estimates of the standardised mean differences (SMDs) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses and meta\u2010regression models were performed according to population characteristics, intervention characteristics, and type of outcome measure. The protocol was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42023489312).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen published studies were included. There was no statistically significant difference in UI severity in the analyses comparing training interventions versus controls or education interventions (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.08; 95% CI: \u22122.24 to 0.08). According to the pre\u2013post analyses, PFMT (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.45; 95% CI: \u22122.61 to \u22120.28), PFMT through electrical stimulation (ES)\/biofeedback (BFB) (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22122.16; 95% CI: \u22123.50 to \u22120.81), and PFMT combined with abdominal muscle training (AMT) (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.73; 95% CI: \u22123.42 to \u22120.03) modalities showed a statistically significant reduction of UI in postpartum women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta\u2010analysis provides an overview of the evidence supporting PFMT alone or in combination with ES, BFB, or AMT as suitable conservative approaches for the treatment of UI in the postpartum period. Further studies are needed to establish recommendations for abdominal wall training alone in the treatment of UI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.70014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T04:00:44Z","timestamp":1758772844000},"page":"243-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Training Interventions to Treat Postpartum Urinary Incontinence: A Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Gallego\u2010G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Toledo Spain"},{"name":"Physiotherapy Unit, Health Center of Camarena  Toledo Spain"},{"name":"Health and Social Research Center University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Cuenca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7774-8437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez de Arenas\u2010Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Social Research Center University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Cuenca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Torres\u2010Costoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Toledo Spain"},{"name":"Health and Social Research Center University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Cuenca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Rodr\u00edguez\u2010Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Social Research Center University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Cuenca Spain"},{"name":"Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS)  Cuenca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicente","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Vizca\u00edno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Social Research Center University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Cuenca Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile  Talca Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Mart\u00ednez\u2010Bustelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychosocial Intervention and Functional Rehabilitation Research Group, Faculty of Physiotherapy University of A Coru\u00f1a  A Coru\u00f1a Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Andrea","family":"Quezada\u2010Bascu\u00f1\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Toledo Spain"},{"name":"Health and Social Research Center University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Cuenca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n \u00c1ngel","family":"Basco\u2010L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Toledo Spain"},{"name":"Research Group in Pediatric and Neurologic Physiotherapy, ImproveLab University of Castilla La Mancha  Toledo Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5638-4718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asunci\u00f3n","family":"Ferri\u2010Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Toledo Spain"},{"name":"Health and Social Research Center University of Castilla\u2010La Mancha  Cuenca Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"Urinary Incontinence in Women: Evaluation and Management","volume":"100","author":"Hu J. 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