{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:24:36Z","timestamp":1767677076084,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012446","name":"Akershus Universitetssykehus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005366","name":"Universitetet i Oslo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To assess the prevalence of and trend in bothersome vaginal flatus from mid\u2010pregnancy to 12\u2009months postpartum, according to vaginal parity. The secondary objective was to assess differences in pelvic floor anatomy as risk factors for bothersome flatus at 12\u2009months postpartum.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n Longitudinal cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting<\/jats:title>\n Akershus University Hospital, Norway.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Sample<\/jats:title>\n 880 women with vaginal births.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Participants completed questionnaires in mid\u2010pregnancy, at\u00a03 and 12\u2009months postpartum, and attended a gynaecological examination including ultrasound at 12\u2009months postpartum. Parity was classified as primipara, secundipara, or multipara (no, one, or \u2265\u20092 previous vaginal births, respectively). A generalised linear mixed model and logistic regression models were used for analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n \n Bothersome vaginal flatus, defined as responding \u201coften\u201d or \u201calways\u201d to the question \u201cAre you bothered by sounds caused by air escaping from the vagina?\n \u201d<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The prevalence of bothersome flatus in mid\u2010pregnancy, at 3 and 12\u2009months postpartum was:\n primiparas<\/jats:italic>\n : 0.7%, 4.0%, and 2.5%;\n secundiparas<\/jats:italic>\n : 2.3%, 4.4%, and 7.3%;\n multiparas<\/jats:italic>\n : 5.4%, 3.0%, and 7.1%, respectively. Compared to primiparas, multiparas had higher odds in pregnancy (OR 14.0, 95% CI 1.8\u2013108.1), and both secundi\u2010 and multiparas had higher odds at 12\u2009months postpartum (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.3\u201317.6, and OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.1\u201338.6, respectively). Independent risk factors for bothersome flatus included levator avulsion (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.5\u20138.7), a larger genital hiatus (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2\u20133.3), and a shorter perineal body (aOR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6\u20131.0).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Parity and differences in pelvic floor anatomy affect the odds for bothersome vaginal flatus during the first postpartum year.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.70063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T08:40:21Z","timestamp":1760949621000},"page":"487-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors for Vaginal Flatus From Mid\u2010Pregnancy to 12\u2009Months Postpartum: A Longitudinal Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0983-8603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marthe Dalevoll","family":"Macedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3488-4150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne Sether","family":"Lilleberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"Division Akershus University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Risl\u00f8kken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"Division Akershus University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u016brat\u0117","family":"\u0160altyt\u0117 Benth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Health Services Research Unit Akershus University Hospital Nordbyhagen Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Ellstr\u00f6m Engh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"Division Akershus University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Siafarikas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"},{"name":"Division Akershus University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-009-0875-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-003-1086-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2012.01044.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-016-3140-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-020-04371-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.21873"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-023-05619-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.10034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2018.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70243-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-019-04166-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.18135"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12817"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"S. 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