{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:02:19Z","timestamp":1769558539502,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growth charts are commonly used for monitoring attained size at a specified age relative to a population average considered to represent expected growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the impact of the application of international growth charts for children under five on common growth metrics when compared to national reference charts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search Strategy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a systematic literature search across five electronic databases: CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), EMBASE (Ovid), MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Selection Criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies published in English between 2007 and 2023 that made comparisons between national reference charts and either INTERGROWTH\u201021st (IG\u201021st) or WHO Child Growth (WHO CGS) charts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Collection and Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Common growth metrics were compared using either z\u2010scores or centiles. The prevalence of small\u2010 and large\u2010for\u2010gestational age, stunting, wasting, underweight, overweight, and obesity was compared when calculated using international standards versus national charts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 1556 records, of which 314 were excluded as they were duplicates, 1069 after reading the title and abstract, 90 after reading the full texts, and 7 we could not retrieve the full texts. Z\u2010score or centile values of local references were more often reported to be higher than values of WHO CGS when evaluating weight\u2010, length\u2010, or head circumference\u2010 for\u2010 age. Seven of 11 studies reported higher rates of small\u2010for\u2010gestational age, while four of five studies reported lower rates of large\u2010for\u2010gestational age using local references compared to IG\u201021st standards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meaningful differences exist in growth assessment between national and international charts that have implications for identifying at\u2010risk infants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.70068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T07:28:55Z","timestamp":1762414135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Growth Monitoring of Children Under Five Years Using National Reference Charts Versus International Growth Standards, 2007\u20132023: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6111-2418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bancy","family":"Ngatia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3753-4172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Vesel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ariadne Labs, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3116-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric O.","family":"Ohuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108379977","volume-title":"Patterns of Human Growth","author":"Bogin B.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"561","volume-title":"Human Growth and Development","author":"Cameron N.","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"165","article-title":"An Evaluation of Infant Growth: The Use and Interpretation of Anthropometry in Infants","volume":"73","author":"WHO Working Group on Infant Growth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"A History of the Study of Human Growth","author":"Tanner J. 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