{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T23:56:54Z","timestamp":1790553414417,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["223601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["223601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16\/150\/06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/150\/06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR200166"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR200166"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether the risk of asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis at 5\u2009years in children born by caesarean section (CS) differs by the timing of antibiotic administration to the mother (pre\u2010incision vs. post\u2010cord clamping).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Natural experiment using birth cohort data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UK single centre population\u2010based birth cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>3013 liveborn children delivered by CS, from the Born in Bradford (BiB) cohort born 2007\u20132011 and BiB's Better Start (BiBBS) cohort born 2016\u20132019. Only the first\u2010born of multiple births was included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk of asthma, atopic eczema and allergic rhinitis at age 5\u2009years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 3013 children, 579 (19.2%) were exposed to pre\u2010incision antibiotics. At 5\u2009years, 272 (9.0%) children had asthma, 672 (22.3%) had eczema and 180 (6.0%) had allergic rhinitis. There was no evidence of an increased risk of asthma (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] 1.01, 95% CI 0.56, 1.83; adjusted risk difference [aRD] 0.08 per 100, 95% CI \u22125.28, 5.44), eczema (aRR 0.96, 95% CI 0.68, 1.35; aRD \u22121.01 per 100, 95% CI \u22128.65, 6.63) or allergic rhinitis (aRR 1.16, 95% CI 0.59, 2.28; aRD 0.88 per 100, 95% CI \u22123.17, 4.92) at 5\u2009years in children exposed to pre\u2010incision antibiotics versus post\u2010cord clamping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found no evidence of an association between pre\u2010incision antibiotics for CS and increased risk of asthma, eczema or allergic rhinitis by age 5. These findings contribute to the evidence base informing the optimum timing of maternal antibiotic prophylaxis for CS, balancing risks and benefits to the mother and her child.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.70083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T13:59:16Z","timestamp":1763128756000},"page":"698-707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Timing of Intrapartum Antibiotics at Caesarean Section and Risk of Asthma, Eczema and Allergic Rhinitis: Results From a Natural Experiment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0455-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"Pembrey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Santorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Bradford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio Souza","family":"da Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Bradford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8701-4912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Oddie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Bradford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily S.","family":"Petherick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University  Loughborough UK"},{"name":"National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester  Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Pearce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Bradford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Bradford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00105010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03850.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13999"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/falgy.2024.1463867"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","volume-title":"WHO Recommendation on Prophylactic Antibiotics for Women Undergoing Caesarean Section","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14577"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","volume-title":"Caesarean Section. 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