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However, despite an increasing body of evidence on the relative safety of HRT, earlier studies that demonstrated an increased cancer risk have resulted in decades of controversy and reshaped clinical practice and public perception. Concerns around HRT are heightened in cancer survivors or those with strong family histories and genetic risks, and many clinicians remain reluctant to consider HRT due to the potential for promoting cancer. Globally, around 9 million women and an estimated 60\u2009000 women in the UK under the age of 50 are diagnosed with cancer and will receive treatment that results in iatrogenic premature or early menopause or develop hormone\u2010related, menopause\u2010like, side effects, even if not rendered menopausal. Improvements in oncological management have resulted in significant benefits in cancer survivorship, and importantly, an increasing focus on quality of life. This article aims to comprehensively review the evidence and provide an overview for clinicians that can help guide discussions with patients regarding HRT risks and benefits, and promote shared, informed decision making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.70176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:13:36Z","timestamp":1770682416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk of Cancer With Hormone Replacement Therapy: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3865-0888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella","family":"Yongue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Cancer Institute  London UK"},{"name":"University College London Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"EGA Institute for Women's Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Talaulikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Hospital  London UK"},{"name":"EGA Institute for Women's Health  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shibani","family":"Nicum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London Cancer Institute  London UK"},{"name":"University College London Hospital  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.8063"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","volume-title":"Menopause: Identification and Management (2015) NICE Guideline NG23","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2015"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.0494","article-title":"Breast Cancer After Use of Estrogen Plus Progestin and Estrogen Alone: Analyses of Data From 2 Women's Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials","volume":"1","author":"Chlebowski R. 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