{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:19:50Z","timestamp":1788520790947,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous studies reported limited findings on the association between lichen sclerosus (LS) and autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the associations of LS with autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Search Strategy<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched on 20 January 2026.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Selection Criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included case\u2013control, cohort and cross\u2010sectional studies that examined the associations of LS with autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Collection and Analysis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four authors independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale, with discrepancies resolved by discussion with a senior author. A random\u2010effects model meta\u2010analysis was conducted when data from \u2265\u2009three studies were available for an outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 11 observational studies. LS was associated with dermatologic autoimmune disease including morphoea (OR 33.33, 95% CI 7.07\u2013157.07), lichen planus (OR 6.30, 95% CI 4.67\u20138.51), vitiligo (OR 4.28, 95% CI 2.39\u20137.67), alopecia areata (OR 3.89, 95% CI 2.14\u20137.06) and psoriasis (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.13\u20133.39). LS was also associated with autoimmune thyroid (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.35\u20132.88) and gastrointestinal diseases such as coeliac disease (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.64) and Crohn's disease (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.19\u20131.98). However, no significant association was found with systemic lupus erythematosus (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.85\u20131.95), type 1 diabetes mellitus (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.40\u20131.86), ulcerative colitis (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.58\u20131.70), rheumatoid arthritis (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.55\u20131.66) and pernicious anaemia (OR 2.57, 95% CI 0.22\u201330.28).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LS is associated with cutaneous autoimmune diseases as well as autoimmune thyroid and gastrointestinal disorders. This association underscores the need for screening, multidisciplinary care and long\u2010term monitoring to provide optimal care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.70182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T06:04:31Z","timestamp":1771826671000},"page":"1147-1156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Associations of Lichen Sclerosus With Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7830-3878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien\u2010Cheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9957-7915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsuan\u2010Chi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7860-3862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yen\u2010Ning","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1395-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin\u2010Hsuan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1577-5357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng\u2010Chen","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch Medical Library  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1028-5030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzu\u2010Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Chun\u2010Min Lin's Dermatology Clinic  New Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5699-0283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ching\u2010Chi","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Main Branch  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine Chang Gung University  Taoyuan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20082"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1106318"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","article-title":"Exploring Genital Lichen Sclerosus: Navigating From Pathophysiology to Precise Diagnostic Approaches","volume":"13","author":"Sever M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.09.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2009.03531.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2019.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"CD008240","article-title":"Topical Interventions for Genital Lichen Sclerosus","volume":"12","author":"Chi C. C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123070"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.144.11.1432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1027-8117.362992"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"G. A.Wells \u201cThe Newcastle\u2010Ottawa Scale (NOS) for Assessing the Quality of Nonrandomised Studies in Meta\u2010Analyses \u201d(2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01381-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13102761"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000796"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.05.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01335-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000769"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.21702"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v101.433"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2011.649320"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10091.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v104.39982"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-92616-8_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03572.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.1996.tb01309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2007.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02424.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2025.2548978"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_54_2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00146"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","first-page":"842","article-title":"HLA Markers in Familial Lichen Sclerosus","volume":"4","author":"Aslanian F. M.","year":"2006","journal-title":"JDDG \u2010 Journal of the German Society of Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2017.17043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(85)80258-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-013-1090-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S450399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0399-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502457"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S389809"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","first-page":"238","article-title":"The Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Patient With Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus","volume":"38","author":"Albornoz M. A.","year":"1999","journal-title":"International Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.11.2.193"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynaecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.70182","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1471-0528.70182","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1471-0528.70182","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T08:40:15Z","timestamp":1775464815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1471-0528.70182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1471-0528.70182"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.70182","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1470-0328","1471-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1470-0328","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}