{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:01:48Z","timestamp":1790694108872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772841600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BJOG"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine whether offspring born to mothers with overweight\/obesity, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or both exhibit different body mass index (BMI) trajectories from birth to 6\u2009years old.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Glucose in Relation to Women and Babies' Health (GrownB) Study at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Population or Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty thousand four hundred fifty six mother\u2013offspring pairs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mothers were classified as normal\u2010weight &amp; non\u2010GDM (NWN), normal\u2010weight &amp; GDM (NWG), overweight\/obesity &amp; non\u2010GDM (OWN) or overweight\/obesity &amp; GDM (OWG). Offspring BMI trajectories were estimated using linear mixed\u2010effects models in two age periods (0\u201324\u2009months and 2\u20136\u2009years), adjusting for confounding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Main Outcome Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We extracted offspring's birth weight, recumbent length (age &lt;\u20092\u2009years) or standing height (age \u2265\u20092\u2009years), and weight data from routine clinical encounters and physical examinations from the UCLA electronic health records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Offspring of mothers with overweight\/obesity had higher BMI trajectories than those of normal\u2010weight mothers across both 0\u201324\u2009months (BMI mean differences overall 0\u201324\u2009months: 0.28 [0.17, 0.39] kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      for OWN vs. NWN; 0.53 [0.21, 0.85] kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      for OWG vs. NWG) and 2\u20136\u2009years (0.58 [0.45, 0.70] kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      for OWN vs. NWN; 0.53 [0.20, 0.87] kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      for OWG vs. NWG). No significant differences were observed by GDM status (i.e., NWG vs. NWN; OWG vs. OWN, all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.21).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal pre\u2010pregnancy overweight\/obesity was associated with higher offspring BMI trajectories from birth to age of 6\u2009years, while the association was not observed for GDM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.70204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T20:57:23Z","timestamp":1773003443000},"page":"1475-1483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal Obesity, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Offspring's Body Mass Index Trajectories From Birth to Age 6\u2009Years: Glucose in Relation to Women and Babies' Health (\n                    <scp>GrownB<\/scp>\n                    ) Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7130-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng\u2010Tzu","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacoepidemiology Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.  Tarrytown New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana F.","family":"Chehab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Pleasanton California USA"},{"name":"Center for Upstream Prevention of Adiposity and Diabetes Mellitus (UPSTREAM)  Pleasanton California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeyi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Pleasanton California USA"},{"name":"Center for Upstream Prevention of Adiposity and Diabetes Mellitus (UPSTREAM)  Pleasanton California USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8458-5661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2011.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235125"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002744"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13395"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002817"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03014468700008991"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12842"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-088641"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3759"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22095"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.153"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-025-06468-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2419263"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7217"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002501"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111576"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-S002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-38"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780100410"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23174"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa180"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-023-01441-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-018-0193-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.326"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079803"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31828bf70d"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4158\/EP-2019-0415"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2797"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-2384"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4809-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-022-2547-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad278"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2010.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12932"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3505-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1438"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1"}],"container-title":["BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &amp; 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