{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T17:50:04Z","timestamp":1781027404016,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1373932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Services Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the roles of facility\u2010 and state\u2010level factors in treatment facilities' adoption and diffusion of pharmaceutical agents used in addiction treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary data from the National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSATS<\/jats:styled-content>), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAMHSA<\/jats:styled-content>), Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Alcohol Policy Information System, and Kaiser Family Foundation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>We estimate ordered logit and multinomial logit models to examine the relationship of state and treatment facility characteristics to the adoption and diffusion of three pharmaceutical agents over 4\u00a0years when each was at a different stage of adoption or diffusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Collection<\/jats:title><jats:p>N\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SSATS<\/jats:styled-content> data with facility codes, obtained directly from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAMHSA<\/jats:styled-content>, were linked by state identifiers to the other publicly available, secondary data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Principal Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis confirms the importance of awareness and exposure to the adoption behavior of others, dissemination of information about the feasibility and effectiveness of innovations, geographical clustering, and licensing and accreditation in legitimizing facilities' adoption and continued use of pharmacotherapies in addiction treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Policy and administrative levers exist to increase the availability of pharmaceutical technologies and their continued use by substance abuse treatment facilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T06:34:53Z","timestamp":1373956493000},"page":"127-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Adoption and Diffusion of Evidence\u2010Based Addiction Medications in Substance Abuse Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Carolyn J.","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyndon B. 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