{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T16:57:42Z","timestamp":1761929862778},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]],"date-time":"2017-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484697600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000867","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Services Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To measure the impact of prescription drug monitoring programs (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDMP<\/jats:styled-content>s) on prescribing of opioid and nonopioid painkillers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Source<\/jats:title><jats:p>2010\u20132013 physician\u2010level Medicare Part D prescribing data released by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and Propublica.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using difference\u2010in\u2010differences models with physician\u2010level fixed effects, the study compares prescribing in states with and without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDMP<\/jats:styled-content>s for opioid and nonopioid analgesics, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and opioids by controlled substances Schedules <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Principal Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prescription drug monitoring programs were associated with a 5.2 percent decrease in days supply prescribed per physician for oxycodone in addition to smaller reductions for hydrocodone and opioids overall (2.8 percent and 2 percent, respectively) and a small increase in prescribing for Schedule <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IV<\/jats:styled-content> opioids. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDMP<\/jats:styled-content>s were not associated with changes for nonopioid analgesics or other opioids in Schedules <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>. The effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDMP<\/jats:styled-content>s were negated in states where statutes <jats:italic>explicitly did not require<\/jats:italic> use of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDMP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prescription drug monitoring programs have a modest effect targeted at the high\u2010profile drug oxycodone among the Medicare Part D population and an even smaller effect for hydrocodone and opioids in general. The findings suggest some substitution toward lower schedule opioids. Substantially addressing the widespread opioid abuse problem will require enhancing existing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDMP<\/jats:styled-content>s or implementing new policies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,19]],"date-time":"2017-01-19T03:56:56Z","timestamp":1484798216000},"page":"671-689","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs Produce a Limited Impact on Painkiller Prescribing in Medicare Part D"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Courtney R.","family":"Yarbrough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Administration and Policy University of Georgia Athens GA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511811241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1518393112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"537","article-title":"Vital Signs: Overdoses of Prescription Opioid Pain Relievers and Other Drugs among Women\u2010United States, 1999\u20132010","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.2014.Opioid Prescription Painkiller Prescribing: Where You Live Makes a Difference. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vitalsigns\/opioid-prescribing\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.2016. \u201cCMS Chronic Condition Data Warehouse: Medicare Part D Beneficiary Counts 2006\u20132014\u201d [accessed May 3 2016]. Available athttps:\/\/www.ccwdata.org\/web\/guest\/medicare-tables-reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2005.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2010.16.4.276"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Government Accountability Office.2011. \u201cMedicare Part D: Instances of Questionable Access to Prescription Drugs\u201d [accessed May 1 2016]. Available athttp:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/GAO-11-699"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-012-0273-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.12809"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"Kreiner P. R.Nikitin andT. P.Shields.2013. \u201cBureau of Justice Assistance Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Performance Measures Report: January 2009 through June 2012\u201d [accessed June 11 2016]. Available athttp:\/\/www.pdmpexcellence.org\/sites\/all\/pdfs\/BJAPDMP Performance Measures Report Jan 2009 to June 2012 FInal_with feedback.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"McCutcheon T. A.2014.Medicare Part D Overutilization Monitoring System. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Available athttps:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Medicare\/Prescription-Drug-Coverage\/PrescriptionDrugCovContra\/Downloads\/HPMSmemo_MedicarePartDOverutilizationMonitoringSystem011714.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Medicare Payment Advisory Commission.2014. \u201cOpioid Use among Medicare Part D Enrollees\u201d [accessed April 18 2015]. Available athttp:\/\/www.medpac.gov\/blog\/october-2014\/october-2014\/2014\/10\/22\/opioid-use-among-medicare-part-d-enrollees"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000183"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws.2015. \u201c2015 Annual Review of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs\u201d [accessed May 1 2016]. Available athttp:\/\/www.namsdl.org\/library\/1810E284-A0D7-D440-C3A9A0560A1115D7\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","unstructured":"Opioid Use Among Seniors \u2013 Issues and Emerging Trends U.S. Senate Testimony by Sean Cavanaugh Deputy Administrator and Director Center for Medicare Sess (2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-012-0250-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"Radakrishnan S.2014. \u201cThe Impact of Information in Health Care Markets: Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and Abuse of Opioid Pain Relievers\u201d [accessed February 24 2016]. Available athttp:\/\/paa2014.princeton.edu\/papers\/143182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2012.01327.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudd R. A. N.Aleshire J. E.Zibbell andR. M.Gladden.2016.Increases in Drug and Opioid Overdose Deaths \u2014 United States 2000\u20102014. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6450a3.htm","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.13776"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.3931"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.2012a. \u201cSubstance Abuse among Older Adults\u201d [accessed April 13 2016]. Available athttp:\/\/store.samhsa.gov\/product\/TIP-26-Substance-Abuse-Among-Older-Adults\/SMA12-3918"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.2012b. \u201cPrescription Medication Misuse and Abuse among Older Adults\u201d [accessed April 13 2016]. Available athttps:\/\/aoa.acl.gov\/AoA_Programs\/HPW\/Behavioral\/docs2\/Issue%20Brief%205%20Prescription%20Med%20Misuse%20Abuse.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.2015.Behavioral Health Trends in the United States: Results from the 2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Rockville MD. Available athttp:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/NSDUH-FRR1-2014\/NSDUH-FRR1-2014.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","unstructured":"U.S. Social Security Administration.2012.Annual Statistical Report on the Social Security Disability Insurance Program 2011[accessed May 2 2016]. Available athttps:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/policy\/docs\/statcomps\/di_asr\/2011\/index.html"}],"container-title":["Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1475-6773.12652","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1475-6773.12652","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T10:47:12Z","timestamp":1695552432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1475-6773.12652"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1475-6773.12652"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.12652","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-9124","1475-6773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-9124","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-6773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-01-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}