{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T05:53:11Z","timestamp":1781502791658,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"South-Eastern Norway Health Authority","award":["2709002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2709002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Services Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the effect that the introduction of new diagnostic technology in obstetric care has had on fetal death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Source<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Medical Birth Registry of Norway provided detailed medical information for approximately 1.2 million deliveries from 1967 to 1995. Information about diagnostic technology was collected directly from the maternity units, using a questionnaire.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>The data were analyzed using a hospital fixed\u2010effects regression with fetal mortality as the outcome measure. The key independent variables were the introduction of ultrasound and electronic fetal monitoring at each maternity ward. Hospital\u2010specific trends and risk factors of the mother were included as control variables. The richness of the data allowed us to perform several robustness tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Principal Finding<\/jats:title><jats:p>The introduction of ultrasound caused a significant drop in fetal mortality rate, while the introduction of electronic fetal monitoring had no effect on the rate. In the population as a whole, ultrasound contributed to a reduction in fetal deaths of nearly 20 percent. For post\u2010term deliveries, the reduction was well over 50 percent.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The introduction of ultrasound made a major contribution to the decline in fetal mortality at the end of the last century.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]],"date-time":"2018-01-19T05:56:47Z","timestamp":1516341407000},"page":"4437-4459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Does the Use of Diagnostic Technology Reduce Fetal Mortality?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7946-6385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jostein","family":"Grytten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Dentistry University of Oslo Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Clinical Medicine Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Skau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Dentistry University of Oslo Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rune","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BI Norwegian Business School Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2756-1583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Eskild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Institute of Clinical Medicine Akershus University Hospital L\u00f8renskog Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/003355305774268228"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/qjec.2010.125.2.591"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90492-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7692.2001.00534.x"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"2439","article-title":"Utfall Etter Planlagte Hjemmef\u00f8dsler","volume":"128","author":"Blix E.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tidsskrift for Den Norske Legeforening"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.62.9.941"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01700.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","article-title":"Routine Ultrasound in Late Pregnancy (After 24\u00a0Weeks\u2019 Gestation) (Review)","volume":"6","author":"Bricker L.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001451.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3368\/jhr.50.2.317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70040-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-199904000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2202\/1558-9544.1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/jhr.2012.0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08925.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0b013e328314b6f8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-9485-8_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1982.03320320023024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309163291201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62233-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"The Changing Pattern of Fetal Death, 1961\u20131988","volume":"79","author":"Fretts R. C.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1784"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7300.1436"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08932.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08934.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2010.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)33082-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-9-S1-S5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01935.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.2002.00724.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10047.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2000.079006435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.1.173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","unstructured":"The Lancet.2016. \u201cEnding Preventable Stillbirths.\u201d An executive summary for The Lancet's Series [accessed on January 16 2017]. Available athttp:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/pb\/assets\/raw\/Lancet\/stories\/series\/stillbirths2016-exec-summ.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1996.07050309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198609043151004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0705.1991.01020102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","unstructured":"Library of Congress.2015. \u201cAbortion Legislation in Europe\u201d [accessed on January 16 2017]. Available athttp:\/\/www.loc.gov\/law\/help\/abortion-legislation\/europe.php"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","volume-title":"Behovsbasert Finansiering av Spesialisthelsetjenesten","author":"Ministry of Health","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Care Services.2017. \u201cLov om Svangerskapsavbrudd [Abortloven]\u201d [accessed on January 16 2017]. Available athttps:\/\/lovdata.no\/dokument\/NL\/lov\/1975-06-13-50."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","volume-title":"Om Erfaringer med lov om Svangerskapsavbrudd mv. St. Meld. nr. 16 (1995\u201096)","author":"Ministry of Health and Social Affairs","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.306.6874.347"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000116.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","unstructured":"NordForsk.2014. \u201cLegislation on Biotechnology in the Nordic Countries \u2014 An Overview 2014\u201d [accessed on January 16 2017]. Available athttps:\/\/www.nordforsk.org\/en\/publications\/publications_container\/legislation-on-biotechnology-in-the-nordic-countries-2013-an-overview-2015\/view"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","volume-title":"A National Clinical Guideline for Antenatal Care. Short Version \u2014 Recommendations","author":"Norwegian Directorate of Health and Social Affairs","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","unstructured":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health.2016. \u201cMedical Birth Registry and Abortion Registry. Nemndbehandlede Svangerskapsavbrudd Etter Vedtaksgrunnlag\u201d [accessed on January 16 2017]. Available athttp:\/\/statistikk.fhi.no\/mfr\/?language=en."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2003.446"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(00)70358-9"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Electronic Fetal Monitoring in Relation to Cesarean Section\u00a0Delivery, for Live Births and Stillbirths in the U.S., 1980","volume":"99","author":"Placek P. J.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","first-page":"947","article-title":"Antenatal Detection of Congenital Malformations by Routine Ultrasonography","volume":"73","author":"Rosendahl H.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91941-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.127601"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245283"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08926.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61723-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68586-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","volume-title":"Norwegian Standard Classification of Education","author":"Statistics Norway","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","unstructured":"Statistics Norway.2015. \u201cImmigrants and Norwegian\u2010Born to Immigrant Parents 1 January 2016\u201d [accessed on January 16 2017]. Available athttp:\/\/www.ssb.no\/en\/befolkning\/statistikker\/innvbef"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1985.tb01346.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(95)80027-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","article-title":"Continuous electronic heart rate monitoring for fetal assessment during labor (Review)","volume":"3","author":"Thacker S.B.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08927.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90636-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007058.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","unstructured":"WHO.2006. \u201cNeonatal and Perinatal Mortality. Country Regional and Global Estimates \u201d pp.43\u20134[accessed on January 16 2017]. Available athttp:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/43444\/1\/9241563206_eng.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","unstructured":"WHO2016. \u201cInternational Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 10th Revision.\u201d Volume 2. Instruction manual p.179[accessed on January 16 2017]. Available athttp:\/\/apps.who.int\/classifications\/icd10\/browse\/Content\/statichtml\/ICD10Volume2_en_2016.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","unstructured":"WHO.2017. \u201cMaternal Newborn Child and Adolescent Health. Stillbirths\u201d [accessed on January 16 2017]. Available athttp:\/\/www.who.int\/maternal_child_adolescent\/epidemiology\/stillbirth\/en"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","first-page":"657","article-title":"Should Ultrasound be Used Routinely during Pregnancy? An Affirmative View","volume":"29","author":"Youngblood J. P.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Family Practice"}],"container-title":["Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1475-6773.12721","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1475-6773.12721","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1475-6773.12721","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1475-6773.12721","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T23:58:34Z","timestamp":1694044714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1475-6773.12721"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1475-6773.12721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.12721","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-9124","1475-6773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-9124","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-6773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}