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One\u2010to\u2010one propensity score matching was employed to match chronic opioid users to nonchronic opioid users plus nonchronic opioid users and chronic opioid users to nonopioid users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Principal Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 5,876 participants were identified. After matching, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCS<\/jats:styled-content>12 was not significantly different between nonchronic versus nonopioid users (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSM<\/jats:styled-content> Diff\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.98, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22122.07, 0.10), chronic versus nonopioid users (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSM<\/jats:styled-content> Diff\u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.24, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22124.58, 0.10), or chronic versus nonchronic opioid users (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSM<\/jats:styled-content> Diff\u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.23, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22124.53, 0.05). Similarly, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCS<\/jats:styled-content>12 was not significantly different between nonchronic versus nonopioid users (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSM<\/jats:styled-content> Diff\u00a0=\u00a00.76, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22120.46, 1.98), chronic versus nonopioid users (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSM<\/jats:styled-content> Diff\u00a0=\u00a01.08, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22121.26, 3.42), or chronic versus nonchronic opioid users (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LSM<\/jats:styled-content> Diff\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.57, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22122.90, 1.77).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinicians should evaluate opioid use in participants with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNCP<\/jats:styled-content> as opioid use is not correlated with better <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HRQ<\/jats:styled-content>oL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T02:22:48Z","timestamp":1519611768000},"page":"3329-3349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Health\u2010Related Quality of Life among Chronic Opioid Users, Nonchronic Opioid Users, and Nonopioid Users with Chronic Noncancer Pain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7776-6157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corey J.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy Little Rock AR"},{"name":"NIDAT32 Addiction Research Training Program, Psychiatric Research Institute University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine Little Rock AR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaocong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Public Health Little Rock AR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy Little Rock AR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy Little Rock AR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niranjan","family":"Kathe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy Little Rock AR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naleen Raj","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy Little Rock AR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalin","family":"Payakachat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy Department of Pharmacy Practice University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Pharmacy Little Rock AR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"958","article-title":"Efficacy, Tolerability, and Dose\u2010Dependent Effects of Opioid Analgesics for Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"176","author":"Abdel Shaheed C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Aetna.2014. \u201cQ&A on New DEA Pain Medicine Prescriptions\u201d [accessed on August 11 2016]. 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