{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:57:45Z","timestamp":1791550665350,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Services Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate county\u2010level associations between in utero exposure to threatened evictions and preterm birth in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources<\/jats:title><jats:p>Complete birth records were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics (2009\u20102016). Threatened evictions were measured at the county level using eviction case filing data obtained from The Eviction Lab (2008\u20102016). Additional economic and demographic data were obtained from the United States Census Bureau and Bureau of Labor Statistics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using 7.3 million births from 1,633 counties. We defined threatened eviction exposures as the <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score of average case filings over the pregnancy and by trimester. Our primary outcome was an indicator for preterm birth (born\u00a0&lt;\u00a037 completed weeks of gestation). Secondary outcomes included a continuous measure for gestational length, a continuous measure for birth weight, and an indicator for low birth weight (born\u00a0&lt;\u00a02500\u00a0g). We estimated within\u2010county associations controlling for individual\u2010 and time\u2010varying county\u2010level characteristics, state\u2010of\u2010residence\u2010year\u2010and\u2010month\u2010of\u2010conception fixed effects, and a county\u2010specific time trend.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Collection\/Extraction<\/jats:title><jats:p>We merged birth records with threatened eviction data at the county\u2010month\u2010year level using mother's county of residence at delivery and month\u2010year of conception. We supplemented these data with information on county\u2010level annual 18\u2010and\u2010over population, annual poverty rate, and monthly unemployment rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Principal Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased levels of eviction case filings over a pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of prematurity and low birth weight. These associations appeared to be sensitive to exposure in the second and third trimesters. Associations with secondary outcomes and within various population subgroups were, in general, imprecisely estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher exposure to eviction case filings within counties, particularly in the latter stages of a pregnancy, was associated with an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. Future research should identify the causal effect of threatened evictions on maternal and child health outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.13551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T20:10:37Z","timestamp":1601064637000},"page":"823-832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["In utero exposure to threat of evictions and preterm birth: Evidence from the United States"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7252-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aayush","family":"Khadka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fcnther","family":"Fink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute &amp; University of Basel Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Gromis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology Princeton University Princeton New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3437-3249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret","family":"McConnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T. H. 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