{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:14:36Z","timestamp":1790255676540,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015283","name":"Bloomberg Philanthropies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\u201097089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\u201097089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Services Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To model the potential impact of mobile methadone unit implementation in Louisiana on net medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Sources\/Study Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>We use secondary Louisiana Medicaid claims data between 2020 and 2021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>We simulate the impact of mobile methadone units in Louisiana using two approaches: (1) a \u201cPoisson regression approach,\u201d which predicts the number of opioid use disorder (OUD) patients that might use methadone at mobile locations based on the underlying association between methadone use and proximity to a brick\u2010and\u2010mortar methadone clinic; (2) a \u201cpolicy approach,\u201d which leverages local treatment uptake rates following the expansion of methadone coverage to Louisiana Medicaid beneficiaries in 2020 to estimate methadone use following mobile unit implementation. Models were run in cases where mobile methadone operators could choose their operation locations freely and in a separate instance where they were restricted to serving rural locations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Data Collection<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our analytic sample includes 43,341 Louisiana Medicaid beneficiaries with one or more primary or secondary diagnoses for opioid dependence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Principal Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>We predict that 10 new mobile methadone units in Louisiana would increase the net MOUD treatment rate in the state by 0.54\u20132.39 percentage points. If these mobile units delivered Methadone exclusively to rural areas, they could increase rural MOUD treatment by 8.54\u201313.67 percentage points. Further, roughly 20% of all beneficiaries residing in rural areas being treated with methadone would be an average of 24\u2009miles closer to a methadone treatment provider following mobile unit implementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mobile methadone units represent a promising innovation in the delivery of methadone that is likely to increase methadone use, especially in underserved rural locations. However, we find significant variation in their impact conditional on where they choose to operate, and so careful location planning will be required to maximize their benefit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.14271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T04:00:28Z","timestamp":1704772828000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Simulated impact of mobile opioid treatment program units on increasing access to methadone for opioid use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1724-6897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason B.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Systems, Management &amp; Policy University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenshu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation Medicine  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy &amp; Management Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan","family":"Saloner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy &amp; Management Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Department of Mental Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA).Methadone. Available athttps:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/medication\u2010assisted\u2010treatment\/medications\u2010counseling\u2010related\u2010conditions\/methadone(Accessed June 14 2022)."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Methadone treatment of opiate addiction: a systematic review of comparative studies","volume":"14","author":"Ali S","year":"2017","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Federal Guidelines for Opioid Treatment Programs","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.1624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/948789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Drug Enforcement Agency.Registration requirements for narcotic treatment programs with mobile components. United States Department of Justice.2021. 86 FR 33861. Available athttps:\/\/www.federalregister.gov\/documents\/2021\/06\/28\/2021\u201013519\/registration\u2010requirements\u2010for\u2010narcotic\u2010treatment\u2010programs\u2010with\u2010mobile\u2010components(Accessed June 14 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.3716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hblog20210727.942168"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.12562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"New York State Office of Addiction Services (OASAS).Request for Applications (RFA) #SUPP1003 \u2013 Mobile Medication Units (MMU).2022. Available athttps:\/\/oasas.ny.gov\/system\/files\/documents\/2022\/01\/Mobile_Medication_Units_RFA.pdf(Accessed June 14 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics.National Vital Statistics System Mortality 1999\u20132020 on CDC WONDER Online Database released in 2021. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files 1999\u20132020 as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed athttp:\/\/wonder.cdc.gov\/ucd-icd10.htmlon Jun 14 2022 6:19:16 PM"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"2021","volume-title":"Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N\u2010SSATS)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"ConnollyB.Louisiana expands access to addiction treatment\u2014leaders work to make evidence\u2010based therapies more available amid overdose crisis. PEW Charitable Trusts August 27 2019. Available athttps:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/research-and-analysis\/articles\/2019\/08\/27\/louisiana-expands-access-to-addiction-treatment(Accessed June 14 2022)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.6369"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"WilliamsT.Opioid Deaths in Louisiana. Louisiana Opioid Surveillance Program. 2021 Annual Fact Sheet. Louisiana Department of Health. Available athttps:\/\/ldh.la.gov\/assets\/opioid\/2021_Annual_Drug_Death_Report.pdfAccessed September 5 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108317"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"ConnollyB.Louisiana Expands Access to Addiction Treatment. PEW Charitable Trusts. August 27 2019. Available athttps:\/\/www.pewtrusts.org\/en\/research\u2010and\u2010analysis\/articles\/2019\/08\/27\/louisiana\u2010expands\u2010access\u2010to\u2010addiction\u2010treatment. Accessed August 30 2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","unstructured":"SchuverJ.City approves resolution to prohibit methadone clinic location. The Bogalusa Daily News. August 19 2022. Available athttps:\/\/www.bogalusadailynews.com\/2022\/08\/19\/city-approves-resolution-to-prohibit-methadone-clinic-location\/. Accessed August 30 2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","first-page":"33861","article-title":"Registration requirements for narcotic treatment programs with mobile components","volume":"86","author":"The United States Drug Enforcement Agency","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","volume-title":"2011 Opioid Treatment Program Survey: Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities with OTPs","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"CarneyJ.Report on establishment of new opioid treatment programs. Louisiana Department of Health. Office of Behavioral Health.2021Available athttps:\/\/ldh.la.gov\/assets\/docs\/LegisReports\/HCR71RS201912021.pdf. Accessed September 5 2023"}],"container-title":["Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1475-6773.14271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T08:20:41Z","timestamp":1725265241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1475-6773.14271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1475-6773.14271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.14271","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-9124","1475-6773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-9124","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-6773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e14271"}}