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We used cluster analysis of diagnosis code patterns in claims to accurately determine the concentration of cancers by site in oncologists' panels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources and Analytic Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from 2016 to 2020 Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T\u2010MSIS) and physician certification data. We included board\u2010certified oncology physicians specialized in medical and radiation oncology, hematology, hematology\u2010oncology, gynecologic oncology, and pediatric hematology\u2010oncology. To identify surgical oncologists, we combined board certification and Medicare Provider Enrollment, Chain, and Ownership System (PECOS) data. We identified Medicaid beneficiaries with malignant neoplasms by cancer site using ICD\u201010\u2010CM codes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Principal Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2016, about 89% of oncology specialists participated in Medicaid; this proportion decreased slightly to 86% in 2020. The trends in Medicaid participation and the mean number of beneficiaries differed by oncology specialty. Panels of pediatric hematologist\u2010oncologists had a higher proportion of Hispanic Medicaid beneficiaries with cancer (26%) relative to other specialists. Cluster analysis identified 565 out of 5395 medical oncologists that had high concentration (at least 58%) of breast cancer patients in their panels. Among 6970 hematologist\u2010oncologists, 269 had high concentrations in breast cancer (more than 60%), and 944 in hematological cancer (more than 59%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study offers a pragmatic approach to understand the oncology specialist workforce available to Medicaid beneficiaries. The findings provide baseline estimates to track this workforce and provide policymakers with an opportunity to develop targeted strategies to improve access to cancer care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.70029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T12:11:46Z","timestamp":1755173506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enumerating the Oncology Specialist Workforce in Medicaid: Applying a Triangulated Approach"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0359-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anushree","family":"Vichare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity, Department of Health Policy and Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health The George Washington University  Washington District of Columbia 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