{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T08:00:20Z","timestamp":1780646420328,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1AG063811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG063811"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1AG073052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG073052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Services Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To examine the association between state Home\u2010 and Community\u2010Based Services (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) caregiver payment policies and timely follow\u2010up visits (in\u2010person and telehealth) within 14\u2009days of hospital discharge among Medicare\u2010Medicaid dual\u2010eligible older adults with dementia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Setting and Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We categorized state HCBS caregiver payment policies into three groups: no caregiver payment, payment eligible for other friends\/family, and payment eligible for two caregiver types (legally responsible relatives or other friends\/family). The primary outcome was the mode of follow\u2010up visit within 14\u2009days post\u2010hospital discharge (in\u2010person, telehealth, or no visit). We used multinomial logistic regression with hospital random effects, adjusting for individual\u2010 and area\u2010level and HCBS factors. Marginal effects were estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources and Analytic Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 2021 Medicare claims data linked with publicly available datasets. The analytic cohort comprised 51,633 dual\u2010eligible Medicare beneficiaries with dementia who were hospitalized and discharged to the community in 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Principal Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      State HCBS caregiver payment policies were significantly associated with the mode of timely follow\u2010up visits. Compared to states without providing caregiver payments, states providing payments to two caregiver types had a 6.8 percentage point higher probability (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) of timely in\u2010person visits but a 3.2 percentage point lower probability (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) of timely telehealth visits. Similar, though smaller, significant differences were observed between states that provided payments to only other family or friends and those with no caregiver payments. Other HCBS generosity measures, as well as racial, ethnic, and geographic locations, were also associated with the mode of post\u2010discharge visits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Providing financial support to family caregivers through state\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCBS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      policies may increase the rate of timely post\u2010discharge visits, primarily driven by an increase in in\u2010person visits. The effects were particularly prominent among states that allow payments to both types of caregivers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T10:32:55Z","timestamp":1766140375000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Medicaid\n                    <scp>HCBS<\/scp>\n                    Caregiver Payment Policy and Post\u2010Discharge Visits Among Dual\u2010Eligible Older Adults With\n                    <scp>ADRD<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1483-1572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming\u2010Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Rochester Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6113-2953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Temkin\u2010Greener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Rochester Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4695-0760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Rochester Rochester New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.533"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010022\u201007488\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2021.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.18884"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services \u201cHome\u2010 and Community\u2010Based Services \u201d2024 https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/training\u2010education\/partner\u2010outreach\u2010resources\/american\u2010indian\u2010alaska\u2010native\/ltss\u2010ta\u2010center\/information\/ltss\u2010models\/home\u2010and\u2010community\u2010based\u2010services."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"M.Watts A.Burns andM.Ammula \u201cOngoing Impacts of the Pandemic on Medicaid Home & Community\u2010Based Services (HCBS) Programs: Findings From a 50\u2010State Survey Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF) \u201d2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"C.Couzens S.Lieff M.Sanchez C.Irvin J.Libersky andW. 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Washington (DC): US Census Bureau \u201d2020 https:\/\/www.census.gov\/programs\u2010surveys\/popest\/technical\u2010documentation\/research\/evaluation\u2010estimates\/2020\u2010evaluation\u2010estimates.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"Neighborhood Atlas \u201cCenter for Health Disparities Research University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health \u201d2023 https:\/\/www.neighborhoodatlas.medicine.wisc.edu."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"US Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service \u201c2020 Rural\u2010Urban Commuting Area Codes \u201d2020 https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data\u2010products\/rural\u2010urban\u2010commuting\u2010area\u2010codes."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"USAFACTS \u201cUS COVID\u201019 Cases and Deaths by State \u201d2023 https:\/\/usafacts.org\/visualizations\/coronavirus\u2010covid\u201019\u2010spread\u2010map\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882\u2010023\u201009942\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621424.2023.2300672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.20220775"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","unstructured":"Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission \u201cState Medicaid Payment Policies for Medicare Cost Sharing. 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