{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T07:59:42Z","timestamp":1780646382615,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P01AG032952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P01AG032952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014848","name":"Arnold Ventures","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014848","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009239","name":"Horowitz Foundation for Social Policy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009239","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Services Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the effects of offering non\u2010emergency medical transportation (NEMT) on care utilization among low\u2010income and disabled beneficiaries in Medicare Advantage (MA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Setting and Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We leveraged the 2019 expansion of \u201cprimarily health related\u201d benefits to study the impact of offering NEMT on enrollees' utilization of care. We used an event study model to compare changes in care for beneficiaries enrolled in plans that began offering a NEMT benefit in 2019 versus those in plans that did not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources and Analytic Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used MA plan benefit package, Medicare enrollment, and MA encounter data for years 2016\u20132019 to identify plans offering NEMT, low\u2010income and disabled beneficiaries enrolled in these plans, and model covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Principal Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Offering of NEMT was associated with little change in utilization. We found a statistically insignificant 1.4% increase in the probability of receiving an annual wellness visit (Coef. 0.006; 95% CI, \u22120.007\u20130.018,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.371) and a 4.0% decrease in ambulance use days (Coef. \u22120.012; 95% CI, \u22120.033\u20130.010,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.290). We did not find evidence of statistically significant or economically meaningful changes in outpatient evaluation and management, procedure, imaging, and emergency room visits.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the first year of NEMT benefit offerings by MA plans, we found no detectable evidence of associated changes in care utilization among low\u2010income and disabled beneficiaries. Conclusions about the potential value of coverage for NEMT are limited by the short evaluation period and lack of data on NEMT benefit generosity and use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.70086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T15:33:25Z","timestamp":1772984005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Year 1 Impact of Offering Non\u2010Emergency Medical Transportation on Care Utilization Among Low\u2010Income and Disabled Beneficiaries in Medicare Advantage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5224-6497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Ianni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Health Policy and Economics, Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell Medical College  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9473-1100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Chernew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Michael","family":"McWilliams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Policy Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"S.HammondandP.Mejia \u201cSupplemental Benefits in Medicare Advantage. The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission \u201d(2024) https:\/\/www.medpac.gov\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MA\u2010supp\u2010benefits\u2010MedPAC\u2010Oct\u20102024\u2010SEC.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"Report to the Congress: Medicare and the Health Care Delivery System","author":"The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","unstructured":"M.Freed J. F.Biniek A.Damico andT.Neuman \u201cMedicare Advantage in 2024: Premiums Out\u2010of\u2010Pocket Limits Supplemental Benefits and Prior Authorization. Kaiser Family Foundation \u201d(2024) https:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicare\/issue\u2010brief\/medicare\u2010advantage\u2010in\u20102024\u2010premiums\u2010out\u2010of\u2010pocket\u2010limits\u2010supplemental\u2010benefits\u2010and\u2010prior\u2010authorization\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Report to the Congress: Medicare Payment Policy","author":"The Medicare Payment Advisory Commission","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"Report to the Congress: Medicare Payment Policy. Medicare Payment Advisory Commission; (2025) https:\/\/www.medpac.gov\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Mar25_MedPAC_Report_To_Congress_SEC.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.4690"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.14359"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/forefront.20240913.836055"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","unstructured":"NORC at the University of Chicago \u201cMedicare Current Beneficiary Survey: Transportation \u201d(2025) https:\/\/mcbs\u2010interactives.norc.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010023\u201008321\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","unstructured":"NORC at the University of Chicago \u201cMedicare Current Beneficiary Survey Financial Well\u2010Being Data Tool \u201d(2025) https:\/\/mcbs\u2010interactives.norc.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.15227"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900\u2010013\u20109681\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001292"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010022\u201013149\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","unstructured":"U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services Guidance Portal \u201cReinterpretation of \u201cPrimarily Health Related\u201d for Supplemental Benefits \u201d(2025) https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/guidance\/document\/reinterpretation\u2010primarily\u2010health\u2010related\u2010supplemental\u2010benefits."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2017.0610"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475\u20106773.2010.01191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","unstructured":"USDA Economic Research Service \u201cRural\u2010Urban Commuting Area Codes\u2013Documentation \u201d (2025) accessed March 28 2025 https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data\u2010products\/rural\u2010urban\u2010commuting\u2010area\u2010codes\/documentation."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.54699"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","unstructured":"J. F.Biniek M.Freed andT.Neuman \u201cGaps in Medicare Advantage Data Remain Despite CMS Actions to Increase Transparency. Kaiser Family Foundation \u201dhttps:\/\/www.kff.org\/medicare\/issue\u2010brief\/gaps\u2010in\u2010medicare\u2010advantage\u2010data\u2010remain\u2010despite\u2010cms\u2010actions\u2010to\u2010increase\u2010transparency\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services \u201cContract Year 2025 Medicare Advantage and Part D Final Rule (CMS\u20104205\u2010F). Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services \u201d(2025) https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/newsroom\/fact\u2010sheets\/contract\u2010year\u20102025\u2010medicare\u2010advantage\u2010and\u2010part\u2010d\u2010final\u2010rule\u2010cms\u20104205\u2010f."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.13004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3386\/w32711"}],"container-title":["Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1475-6773.70086","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1475-6773.70086","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1475-6773.70086","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T07:00:23Z","timestamp":1780642823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1475-6773.70086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1475-6773.70086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.70086","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-9124","1475-6773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-9124","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-6773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70086"}}