{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T14:46:38Z","timestamp":1782312398226,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Services Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) and postpartum opioid prescribing from 2007 to 2015, prior to the 2016 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention opioid prescribing guidelines, and to assess differences between low\u2010 and high\u2010risk populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Setting and Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study captures delivery episodes across the United States, primarily from commercially insured patients. The exposure was the implementation of PDMPs at the state level from 2007 to 2015, with states classified by whether implementation occurred before or after 2016. We used a difference\u2010in\u2010difference design for analysis. The primary outcome included: (1) morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per day; (2) pills dispensed; (3) average days' supply, and (4) total number of prescriptions filled during the postpartum period (42\u2009days after delivery).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources and Analytic Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed secondary data from IQVIA PharMetrics, an administrative claims database from 2006 to 2015. We identified reproductive\u2010age patients (ages 12\u201359) with a documented delivery and stratified them into low and high\u2010risk groups by postpartum prescribing and pre\u2010delivery opioid exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Principal Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 361,165 delivery episodes (9.9% cesarean, 90.1% vaginal), PDMP implementation was not associated with changes in postpartum opioid prescribing. In an age\u2010and comorbidity\u2010adjusted analysis by risk groups, PDMP implementation was not associated with statistically significant changes in MME per day per delivery in either low\u2010risk (\u22120.35; 95% CI, \u22123.27 to 2.57) or high\u2010risk groups (1.11; 95% CI, \u22127.46 to 9.68) in the implementation year, and results for pills dispensed, days' supply, and total prescriptions were similarly null, with confidence intervals spanning zero.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>State\u2010level PDMP implementation was not associated with changes in postpartum opioid prescribing. These findings suggest PDMPs alone may be insufficient to influence postpartum prescribing, highlighting the need for alternative strategies to optimize pain management and reduce opioid\u2010related risks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.70123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T09:12:21Z","timestamp":1777885941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs on Postpartum Opioid Prescribing Practices"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1197-593X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sai Vijay Trilochan Reddy","family":"Tadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2946-463X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"CeCe","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8686-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Testa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4071-5051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Vivas\u2010Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc\/175204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Postpartum Opioid Prescription Fills, Opioid Use Disorder, and Utilization of Medication\u2010Assisted Treatment Among Women With Medicaid and Private Health Insurance Coverage Issue Brief","volume":"30","author":"Ali M. 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