{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:42:45Z","timestamp":1792482165087,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Health Services Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate how often immigrant adults are asked for a Social Security number or proof of citizenship to obtain care or enroll in school, who is asked for these documents, and whether being asked relates to health care access.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Setting and Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional analysis of four pooled waves (2019\u20132022) of a population\u2010based, multilingual survey of California adults. The exposure was the documentation request; outcomes were lacking a usual source of care and delaying or forgoing care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources and Analytic Sample<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>California Health Interview Survey public\u2010use files were used. The documentation item is asked only of foreign\u2010born respondents, yielding 21,133 immigrant adults (15,313 naturalized, 5820 noncitizen). Survey\u2010weighted logistic models with jackknife variance reported average marginal effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Principal Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 15.7% (95% CI: 14.9\u201316.5) reported being asked. After adjustment, noncitizens were 5.3 percentage points more likely than naturalized citizens (3.5\u20137.1) and limited\u2010English\u2010proficient adults 5.8 points more likely (3.5\u20138.1) to be asked. Being asked was associated with delaying or forgoing care (6.1 points; 4.2\u20138.0) but not with lacking a usual source of care (0.2 points; \u22121.9 to 2.3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Documentation requests were common, concentrated among noncitizen and limited\u2010English\u2010proficient immigrants, and associated with forgone care. The cross\u2010sectional design cannot establish causation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.70168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T03:33:58Z","timestamp":1789529638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proof of Citizenship at the Point of Care: Documentation Requests and Forgone Care Among California Immigrants, 2019\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8467-7048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nari","family":"Yoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/BJGP.2022.0336"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1257\/pol.6.3.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/rest_a_01250"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1700829"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010publhealth\u2010040218\u2010044115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"D.Pillai S.Artiga L.Hamel et\u00a0al. \u201cHealth and Health Care Experiences of Immigrants: The 2023 KFF\/LA Times Survey of Immigrants \u201dKFF (2023) https:\/\/www.kff.org\/racial\u2010equity\u2010and\u2010health\u2010policy\/health\u2010and\u2010health\u2010care\u2010experiences\u2010of\u2010immigrants\u2010the\u20102023\u2010kff\u2010la\u2010times\u2010survey\u2010of\u2010immigrants\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23780231231196517"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475\u20106773.14020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"M. C.MejiaandH.Johnson \u201cImmigrants in California \u201d(2026) Public Policy Institute of California https:\/\/www.ppic.org\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/jtf\u2010immigrants\u2010in\u2010california.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2026.12332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"California Legislative Analyst's Office \u201cThe 2025\u201026 California Spending Plan: Health \u201d(2025) https:\/\/lao.ca.gov\/Publications\/Report\/5075."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.46525"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.02356"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001839"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2023.307396"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010020\u201009525\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.118540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010022\u201007690\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606\u2010022\u201007477\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2023.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000002004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2025.102856"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903\u2010020\u201001045\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2572"}],"container-title":["Health Services Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1475-6773.70168","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1475-6773.70168","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1475-6773.70168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:31:35Z","timestamp":1792481495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1475-6773.70168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1475-6773.70168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1475-6773.70168","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-9124","1475-6773"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0017-9124","type":"print"},{"value":"1475-6773","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-15","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70168"}}