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Natural polysaccharides have been shown to have fewer side effects, but because of their inherently physicochemical properties, their bioactivities were difficult to compare with those of synthetic drugs. Thus, researchers have modified the structures and properties of natural polysaccharides based on structure\u2013activity relationships and have obtained better functionally improved polysaccharides. This review focuses on the major modification methods of polysaccharides, and discusses the effect of molecular modification on their physicochemical properties and bioactivities. Molecular modification methods mainly include chemical, physical, and biological changes. Chemical modification is the most widely used method; it can significantly increase the water solubility and bioactivities of polysaccharides by grafting onto other groups. Physical and biological modifications only change the molecular weight of a polysaccharide, and thereby change its physicochemical properties and bioactivities. Most of the molecular modifications bring about an increase in the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides, and among these, sulfated and acetylated modifications are very common. Furthermore, phosphorylation modification is the most common application to increase antitumor activity, and modified polysaccharides have been shown to have anti\u2010HIV activity as the result of sulfated modification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]],"date-time":"2015-09-16T16:25:50Z","timestamp":1442420750000},"page":"237-250","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":511,"title":["Molecular Modification of Polysaccharides and Resulting Bioactivities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shijie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Guangzhou Univ. of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong PR China"},{"name":"Affiliated Huaian Hospital Xuzhou Medical College  Huaian 223002 Jiangsu PR 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