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However, its ingestion, even at trace amounts (in the range of mg protein per kg of food), can lead to severe adverse reactions in allergic individuals. Lupine belongs to the Leguminosae family, having the conglutins (\u03b1\u2010, \u03b2\u2010, \u03b4\u2010, and \u03b3\u2010) as allergens, among other proteins. Cross\u2010sensitization of lupine\u2010sensitized individuals with other legume species, mainly peanut, can occur, but the associated clinical reactivity is still unclear. The protection of the sensitized individuals should depend on an avoidance diet, which should rely on the compliance of food labeling and, as such, on their verification by analytical methods. Food processing, such as heat treatments, has an important influence on the structural properties of lupine proteins, altering their detectability and allergenicity. In this review, different aspects related with lupine allergy are described, namely, the overall prevalence, clinical relevance, diagnosis, and treatment. The characterization of lupine allergens and their potential cross\u2010reactivity with other legumes are critically discussed. The effects of food matrix, processing, and digestibility on lupine proteins, as well as the available analytical tools for detecting lupine at trace levels in foods, are also herein emphasized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T09:25:10Z","timestamp":1602408310000},"page":"3886-3915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Lupine allergens: Clinical relevance, molecular characterization, cross\u2010reactivity, and detection strategies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Caterina","family":"Villa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\u2010LAQV, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8229-2902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\u2010LAQV, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5311-8895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Mafra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\u2010LAQV, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia Universidade do Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0832158100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Allergen Bureau. 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