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By using a systematic search in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, we extracted 1374 publications on pesticides, mycotoxins, and heavy metal contents in apple products, which represented 44%, 48%, and 26% of publications on fruit, respectively. We selected 90 articles in which we were able to assess compliance with the European Food Safety Authority's (EFSA) regulations and found a 42.8% overall rate of checks exceeding the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL), a 51.6% rate for pesticides, a 42.55% rate for heavy metals, and a 40.2% rate for mycotoxins. Over 60% of the 92 pesticides considered were banned by the European Union. The rate of noncompliance was much higher in the Middle East (65.2%), Africa (50%), Asia (43.9%), Europe (37.5%), and South America (33.3%) than in North America (12.5%). We observed an influence of the climate K\u00f6ppen classification and the 2024 Human Development Index (HDI) on the rate of exceeding MRLs. Our data raise questions about the compliance with production regulation requirements and the efficacy of controls. According to the criteria that define MRLs, we also question non\u2010negligible public health issues generated by the high rate of noncompliance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T04:23:27Z","timestamp":1742185407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A systematic review\/meta\u2010analysis of xenobiotics in apple products highlights lack of compliance with European Food Safety Authority Regulation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alexis","family":"Noel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure University of Lorraine  Nancy France"},{"name":"FHU ARRIMAGE and Department of Biochemistry\u2010Molecular Biology and Nutrition CHRU Nancy  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa\u2010Maria","family":"Gu\u00e9ant\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure University of Lorraine  Nancy France"},{"name":"FHU ARRIMAGE and Department of Biochemistry\u2010Molecular Biology and Nutrition CHRU Nancy  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Cachard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Fran\u00e7ois Geny, P\u00f4le SJPEG University of Lorraine  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra El","family":"Kouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure University of Lorraine  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul\u2010Henri","family":"Graindorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure University of Lorraine  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine El","family":"Wanny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure University of Lorraine  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Alpers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Washington University School of Medicine  St Louis Missouri USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Grova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure University of Lorraine  Nancy France"},{"name":"Department of Infection and Immunity\u2010Luxembourg Institute of Health Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group  Esch\u2010Sur\u2010Alzette Grand\u2010Duchy of Luxembourg"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5067-042X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Louis","family":"Gu\u00e9ant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm UMRS 1256 NGERE, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure University of Lorraine  Nancy France"},{"name":"FHU ARRIMAGE and Department of Biochemistry\u2010Molecular Biology and Nutrition CHRU Nancy  Nancy France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2022EF002987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00198281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"\u00c9valuation des risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de mycotoxines dans les cha\u00eenes alimentaires humaine et animale","author":"AFSSA","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03067319.2019.1675653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"ANSES. 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