{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T13:31:44Z","timestamp":1787923904185,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":121,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["ift.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The California almond industry underwent a remarkable transformation in food safety management and culture following outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with the consumption of raw almonds in 2000\u20132001 and 2003\u20132004. However, limited studies have examined these changes from a longitudinal perspective. This study documents the transformation of food safety management in the California almond industry over an 18\u2010year period, explores indicators of change in food safety culture, identifies the key factors driving these changes, and examines the determinants of industry\u2010wide technology adoption. A multifaceted approach was used, consisting of document analysis and semi\u2010structured interviews. This study provides a detailed review of the almond industry's responses to the outbreaks, highlighting the industry commodity board's proactive leadership in crisis management, collaborative research efforts, risk assessment, and the development of a mandatory\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010control program to mitigate the risks associated with raw almonds. These measures significantly strengthened food safety management systems across the industry. The industry has also shown a shift in mentality toward food safety over time, evidenced by increased prioritization of food safety, stronger management commitment, and reduced resistance to change. A conceptual framework integrating institutional theory and diffusion of innovation theory is proposed to illustrate how external and internal institutional pressures, along with intervention characteristics, influenced the almond industry's adoption of\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n                    control interventions. The study offers valuable lessons on proactive, industry\u2010driven food safety improvements and self\u2010regulation in enhancing food safety outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:48:18Z","timestamp":1773031698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["From Past to Present: Transformation of Food Safety Management and Food Safety Culture in the California Almond Industry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1911-752X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda J.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology University of California  Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Birmingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Almond Board of California  Modesto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangwei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Almond Board of California  Modesto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaohua","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science Purdue University  West Lafayette Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750\u20103841.2011.02439.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2022.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Agricultural Marketing Service.2007. \u201cAlmonds Grown in California; 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