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This review critically evaluates established nonthermal technologies, including ultraviolet\u2010C (UV\u2010C) irradiation, cold plasma (CP), high\u2010pressure processing (HPP), pulsed electric field (PEF), and microfiltration (MF), alongside emerging innovations such as nanotechnology\u2010enhanced filtration, artificial intelligence (AI)\u2010driven optimization, and blockchain traceability. In contrast to conventional pasteurization, which often degrades thermolabile nutrients and modifies sensory attributes, these nonthermal approaches provide effective pathogen inactivation with superior quality retention. Recent developments in multi\u2010hurdle strategies, integrating multiple nonthermal methods, demonstrate substantial promise for bolstering microbial safety and product uniformity. These achieve reductions of up to 6\u00a0log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    in key pathogens like\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while maintaining over 80% of vitamins and bioactive compounds (lactoferrin). The review synthesizes contemporary evidence on mechanisms, efficacy, and applicability, emphasizing impacts on vitamins, enzymes, and probiotic retention. It highlights synergistic systems (HPP+PEF, MF+UV\u2010C) and their socioeconomic benefits, including premium market positioning and employment generation, as well as environmental advantages such as reduced energy consumption and lower waste. Moreover, it explores how these technologies address evolving consumer demands, sustainability objectives, and regulatory requirements. By offering a comprehensive, forward\u2010looking analysis, this work illustrates the transformative potential of nonthermal innovations in the dairy sector. This review advances a convergent framework that\u00a0critically integrates\u00a0nonthermal processing with digital tools (AI, blockchain), aligning technological efficacy with supply chain transparency, regulatory pathways, and consumer confidence.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T05:41:50Z","timestamp":1773121310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Advancing Raw Milk Safety and Quality: A Critical Review of Existing and Emerging Nonthermal Technologies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mati Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science Shandong University of Technology  Zibo China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences and Medicine Shandong University of Technology  Zibo 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