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Though essential for human survival, foods can also pose risks, underscoring the relevance of the toxicological principle of \u201cthe dose makes the poison.\u201d The fundamental principles of toxicology are often misunderstood, miscommunicated, and misperceived in the context of food safety risk assessments. Importantly, this misalignment among scientists and science communicators can promulgate further issues of false information, confusion, and distrust with consumers. This paper presents key terminology and concepts used in food toxicology with the ultimate goal of promoting an accurate and consistent understanding among scientists and communicators within the broad field of food science.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.70552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T08:55:26Z","timestamp":1783587326000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Principles of Food Safety and Toxicological Risk Assessment: Refining Hazards, Risk Management Communication, and Common Misconceptions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4936-6172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth S.","family":"Rivera\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Abbott Nutrition  Abbott Park Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay S.","family":"Petrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Archer Daniels Midland Company Decatur Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Crincoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cargill, Inc. 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