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The subjects all underwent psychiatric interviews, Clinician\u2010Administered PTSD Scale structured interviews, personality and cognitive tests. Only 38.9% of them presented with all of the symptoms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>; 22.2% showed no symptoms for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>; remaining survivors exhibited emotional\/affective symptoms related to the event. In addition to the severity of the traumatic event itself, other risk factors identified were the loss of a relative, the manifestation of depressive symptoms, and the severity of physical injuries sustained. Low levels of hostility and high levels of self\u2010efficacy represented protective factors against developing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTSD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,4]],"date-time":"2013-07-04T06:23:05Z","timestamp":1372918985000},"page":"1388-1392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Protective and Risk Factors in 18 Survivors of a Plane Crash"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Catanesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Criminology and Forensic Psychiatry University of Bari P.zza G. Cesare 70124 Bari Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychiatry University of Bari P.zza G. 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