{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:39:32Z","timestamp":1792431572645,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]],"date-time":"2013-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abuse of prescription and illicit drugs has been rapidly increasing. This study examines the prevalence of drug use in the non\u2010natural deaths of pregnant or recently pregnant women. Records from Florida's Pregnancy Associated Mortality Review conducted between 1999 and 2005 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0415) were linked to 385 toxicology reports obtained from Florida medical examiners' offices. The final study sample consisted of 169 drug\u2010positive, pregnancy\u2010associated non\u2010natural deaths. Of these, 86 were positive for both blood and urine, 64 were positive for blood only and five for urine only, and the remainder were positive for some other specimen. Among these deaths, 91 cases (54%) involved prescription drugs, 78 cases (46%) involved illicit drugs, and 69 cases (41%) involved alcohol. Opioids constituted the majority of deaths associated with prescription drugs. Substantial co\u2010use of opioids and benzodiazepines was seen. Pregnant or recently pregnant women may have more interactions with healthcare providers, which may present more opportunities for intervention and prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T15:43:37Z","timestamp":1374680617000},"page":"1536-1541","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prevalence of Prescription and Illicit Drugs in Pregnancy\u2010Associated Non\u2010natural Deaths of Florida Mothers, 1999\u20132005"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Nancy","family":"Hardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics\/Gynecology University of Florida Box 100275 Gainesville FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tit D.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Epidemiology Program Division of Surveillance and Disease Control West Virginia Bureau for Public Health 350 Capitol Street Room 125 Charleston WV 25301"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha J.","family":"Burt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Florida Box 100275 Gainesville FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine University of Florida Box 10081 Gainesville FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Shands Teaching Hospital University of Florida Box 100296 Gainesville FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Florida Box 100296 Gainesville FL 32610"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"Results from the 2007 national survey on drug use and health: national findings","author":"Office of Applied Studies","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1276"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2008.802"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1626"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2010.029611"},{"issue":"42","key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Overdose deaths involving prescription opioids among Medicaid enrollees\u2013Washington 2004\u20102007","volume":"58","author":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC)","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02650.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.154"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"705","article-title":"Emergency department visits involving nonmedical use of selected prescription drugs \u2010 United States, 2004\u20132008","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","volume-title":"Drug abuse warning network, 2009: national estimates of drug\u2010related emergency department visits","author":"Office of Applied Studies","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","unstructured":"BaldwinG PaulozziL FranklinG KerlikowskeG.Prescription drug overdoses: an American epidemic. Public Health Grand Rounds Office of the Director Centers for Disease Control and Prevention February 17 2011;http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/about\/grand-rounds\/archives\/2011\/01-February.htm(accessed July 19 2012)."},{"issue":"26","key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"869","article-title":"Drug overdose deaths\u2013Florida, 2003\u20132009","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990802010892"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002204261004000307"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Prescription drug abuse: what is being done to address this new drug epidemic? Testimony before the Subcommittee on Criminal Justice, Drug Policy and Human Resources","volume":"9","author":"Manchikanti L","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"LaMendolaB.Profiting from pain: Clinics face scrutiny. South Florida Sun\u2010Sentinel 2009 April 7;http:\/\/articles.sun-sentinel.com\/2009-04-07\/news\/0904060553_1_pill-trade-pain-drugs-clinics(accessed July 19 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","unstructured":"SantanaS.Broward leads state in Rx pill overdose deaths. South Florida Sun Sentinel 2009 November 24;http:\/\/www.sun-sentinel.com\/news\/palm-beach\/fl-florida-drug-overdoses-20091124 0 4740569. story (accessed July 19 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","unstructured":"HiaasenS.Sunny Isles doctor sentenced in pill\u2010mill case. Miami Herald 2012 February 2;http:\/\/www.miamiherald.com\/2012\/02\/03\/2623403\/sunny-isles-doctor-sentenced-in.html#storylink=cpy(accessed July 19 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","unstructured":"LaMendolaB.How the George brothers made millions with pill mills. South Florida Sun\u2010Sentinel 2011 August 25;http:\/\/www.sun-sentinel.com\/health\/fl-hk-george-pill-mill-20110824 0 6996283.story?page=1(accessed July 19 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","unstructured":"LaMendolaB.Governor signs law to rein in pain clinics. New database aims to curb pill shopping. South Florida Sun\u2010Sentinel 2009 June 19;http:\/\/articles.sun-sentinel.com\/2009-06-19\/news\/0906180611_1_pill-clinics-database(accessed July 19 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","unstructured":"LaMendolaB.Florida pain\u2010pill database launches\u2014finally. South Florida Sun Sentinel 2011 October 17;http:\/\/www.sun-sentinel.com\/health\/fl-pain-clinic-database-20111014 0 7847127. story. (accessed July 19 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","unstructured":"PavukA AlanezT.Number of Florida newborns treated for drug withdrawal skyrocketing. South Florida Sun\u2010Sentinel 2011 February 12;http:\/\/articles.sun-sentinel.com\/2011-02-12\/health\/fl-prescription-drugs-born-addicted-20110211_1_newborns-prescription-drug-winnie-palmer-hospital(accessed July 19 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","volume-title":"Florida trends in drug withdrawal syndrome in newborns by county and DCF region, 2005\u20132010","author":"Florida Department of Children and Families","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","volume-title":"1999\u20132008 Florida pregnancy\u2010related mortality report: why are Florida mothers continuing to die?","author":"Hernandez L","year":"2010"},{"issue":"43","key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","first-page":"1487","article-title":"Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers \u2014 United States, 1999\u20132008","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1556-4029.12219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12219","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12219","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,2]],"date-time":"2023-10-02T14:26:14Z","timestamp":1696256774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12219"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.12219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12219","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,23]]}}}