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The stability of morphine, codeine, and 6\u2010acetyl\u2010morphine in blood was studied after different sampling conditions: (i) in glass, polypropylene or polystyrene tubes, (ii) with addition of dipotassium ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>EDTA<\/jats:styled-content>) or sodium oxalate (Na<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>C<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), and (iii) with or without the addition of sodium fluoride (NaF). Spiked blood samples were stored at two different temperatures (4 and \u221220<jats:sup>\u00b0<\/jats:sup>C), analyzed after different storage times and after three freeze\u2013thaw cycles. Opiate concentrations were decreased in all conditions, but the most unstable was 6\u2010acetyl\u2010morphine. The addition of NaF as preservative improved the stability of opiates at all conditions studied, whereas the type of anticoagulant did not affect the stability of opiates. It was concluded that blood samples should be stored at \u221220<jats:sup>\u00b0<\/jats:sup>C in glass tubes containing oxalate and NaF for maximum stability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]],"date-time":"2013-11-21T21:56:50Z","timestamp":1385071010000},"page":"550-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Stability of Morphine, Codeine, and 6\u2010Acetylmorphine in Blood at Different Sampling and Storage Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Papoutsis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Mikras Asias 75 Goudi Athens 11527 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiota","family":"Nikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Mikras Asias 75 Goudi Athens 11527 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantinos","family":"Pistos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Mikras Asias 75 Goudi Athens 11527 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artemisia","family":"Dona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Mikras Asias 75 Goudi Athens 11527 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Stefanidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Mikras Asias 75 Goudi Athens 11527 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chara","family":"Spiliopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Mikras Asias 75 Goudi Athens 11527 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sotirios","family":"Athanaselis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Mikras Asias 75 Goudi Athens 11527 Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/19.6.392"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050141"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e318156e892"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/19.5.275"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/25.1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/26.4.236"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/18.7.391"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime World Drug Report 2011;www.unodc.org\/unodc\/en\/data-and-analysis\/WDR-2011.html(accessed July 26 2011)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/32.4.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14195J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2009.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322008000300004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/31.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/31.7.394"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(91)80410-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/17.6.378"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.1098"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/24.6.442"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(96)02070-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(96)01974-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","volume-title":"Guidance for Industry: bioanalytical method validation","author":"Food and Drug Administration","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","unstructured":"ICH Expert Working Group International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. 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