{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T12:00:04Z","timestamp":1785499204266,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]],"date-time":"2013-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1386892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The chemical analysis of fire debris represents a crucial part in fire investigations to determine the cause of a fire. A headspace solid\u2010phase microextraction (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPME<\/jats:styled-content>) procedure for the detection of ignitable liquids in fire debris using a fiber coated with a mixture of three different sorbent materials (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>ivinylbenzene\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>arboxen\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>olydimethylsiloxane, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DVB<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CAR<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDMS<\/jats:styled-content>) is described. Gasoline and diesel fuel were spiked upon a preburnt matrix (wood charcoal), extracted and concentrated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPME<\/jats:styled-content> and then analyzed with gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>). The experimental conditions\u2014extraction temperature, incubation and exposure time\u2014were optimized. To assess the applicability of the method, fire debris samples were prepared in the smoke density chamber (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SDC<\/jats:styled-content>) and a controlled\u2010atmosphere cone calorimeter. The developed methods were successfully applied to burnt particleboard and carpet samples. The results demonstrate that the procedure that has been developed here is suitable for detecting these ignitable liquids in highly burnt debris.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]],"date-time":"2013-12-13T18:30:42Z","timestamp":1386959442000},"page":"743-749","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Evaluation of a Headspace Solid\u2010Phase Microextraction Method for the Analysis of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Ina","family":"Fettig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Analytical Chemistry Reference Materials, Organic Environmental Analysis Richard\u2010Willst\u00e4tter\u2010Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Safety of Structures Technical Properties of Polymeric Materials Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan H.","family":"Deubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Safety of Structures Technical Properties of Polymeric Materials Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Werrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Safety of Structures Technical Properties of Polymeric Materials Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Raspe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Safety of Structures Technical Properties of Polymeric Materials Unter den Eichen 87 12205 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Piechotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing Analytical Chemistry Reference Materials, Organic Environmental Analysis Richard\u2010Willst\u00e4tter\u2010Str. 11 12489 Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","volume-title":"ASTM Method E1386\u201300 Standard practice for separation and concentration of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples by solvent extraction","author":"American Society for Testing and Materials","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","volume-title":"ASTM Method E1388\u201300 Standard practice for sampling of headspace vapors from fire debris samples","author":"American Society for Testing and Materials","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","volume-title":"ASTM Method E1412\u201300 Standard practice for separation of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples by passive headspace concentration with activated charcoal","author":"American Society for Testing and Materials","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13922J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2006.00314.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Detection of accelerants in fire debris using headspace solid\u2010phase microextraction\u2010capillary gas chromatography","volume":"7","author":"Ahmad UK","year":"2001","journal-title":"Malays J Anal Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","volume-title":"ASTM Method E2154\u201301 Standard practice for separation and concentration of ignitable liquid residues from fire debris samples by passive headspace concentration with solid phase microextraction","author":"American Society for Testing and Materials","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","volume-title":"ASTM Method E1618\u201301 Standard test method for ignitable liquid residues in extracts from fire debris samples by gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry","author":"American Society for Testing and Materials","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","volume-title":"Fires at chemical warehouses\u2014a cone calorimeter study on the burning characteristics and fire effluent composition of selected chemical compounds","author":"Hietaniemi J","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","unstructured":"MikkolaE.Effects of oxygen concentration on cone calorimeter results. Interflam \u201893 Proceedings of the 6th International Fire Conference; 1993 March 30\u2010April 1;Oxford U.K. London U.K.:Interscience Communications Ltd 1993;49\u201356."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fam.2175"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"WerrelM DeubelJH Kr\u00fcgerS HofmannA AntonatusE KrauseU et\u00a0al.Use and benefit of a controlled\u2010atmosphere cone calorimeter. 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