{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:30:57Z","timestamp":1792103457125,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]],"date-time":"2014-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Anabolic\u2010androgenic steroids (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AASs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) are frequently misused. To determine causes of death, characteristics, toxicology, and pathology of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    positive cases, all cases (\n                    <jats:italic>n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a024) presenting to the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ew\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    outh\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ales\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    epartment of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    orensic\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    edicine (1995\u20132012) were retrieved. All were male, and the mean age was 31.7\u00a0years. Deaths were mainly due to accidental drug toxicity (62.5%), then suicide (16.7%) and homicide (12.5%). Abnormal testosterone\/epitestosterone ratios were reported in 62.5%, followed by metabolites of nandrolone (58.3%), stanozolol (33.3%), and methandienone (20.8%). In 23 of 24 cases, substances other than steroids were detected, most commonly psychostimulants (66.7%). In nearly half, testicular atrophy was noted, as was testicular fibrosis and arrested spermatogenesis. Left ventricular hypertrophy was noted in 30.4%, and moderate to severe narrowing of the coronary arteries in 26.1%. To summarize, the typical case was a male polydrug user aged in their thirties, with death due to drug toxicity. Extensive cardiovascular disease was particularly notable.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,20]],"date-time":"2014-02-20T10:11:39Z","timestamp":1392891099000},"page":"1025-1028","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Sudden or Unnatural Deaths Involving Anabolic\u2010androgenic Steroids"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Shane","family":"Darke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Torok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Duflou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine South Western Sydney Local Health District PO Box 90 Glebe NSW 2037 Australia"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School University of Sydney NSW 2008 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Karch's pathology of drug abuse","author":"Karch SB","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2010.00093.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)80011-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2012.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230802392568"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000333037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02734.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14635J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.931063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.5858\/2001-125-0253-ASAACS","article-title":"Anabolic steroid abuse and cardiac sudden death. A pathologic study","volume":"125","author":"Fineschi V","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-005-0055-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319707304883"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826080902848749"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"The use of anabolic androgenic steroids and polypharmacy: a review of the literature","volume":"114","author":"Dodge T","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000199045"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.234"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"SPSS statistics, 20.0","author":"IBM","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2006.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02872.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","volume-title":"Mortality amongst illicit drug users: epidemiology, causes and intervention","author":"Darke S","year":"2007"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1556-4029.12424","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12424","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T04:11:18Z","timestamp":1695528678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12424"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.12424"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12424","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,19]]}}}