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With regard to ballistic injuries, there is now a large literature detailing gross features of such trauma; however, less attention has been given to microscopic characteristics. This article presents analysis of experimentally induced gunshot trauma in animal bone (<jats:italic>Bos taurus<\/jats:italic>scapulae) using full metal jacket (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMJ<\/jats:styled-content>), soft point (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>), and captive bolt projectiles. The results were examined using scanning electron microscopy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEM<\/jats:styled-content>). Additional analysis was conducted on a purported parietal gunshot lesion in a human cranial specimen. A range of features was observed in these samples suggesting that fibrolamellar bone response to projectile impact is analogous to that observed in synthetic composite laminates. The results indicate that direction of bullet travel can be discerned microscopically even when it is ambiguous on gross examination. It was also possible to distinguish<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>from<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FMJ<\/jats:styled-content>lesions.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SEM<\/jats:styled-content>analysis is therefore recommended as a previously underexploited tool in the analysis of ballistic trauma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,7]],"date-time":"2014-07-07T07:41:02Z","timestamp":1404718862000},"page":"1473-1486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Gunshot Defects to Bone: An Underutilized Source of Information on Ballistic Trauma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"John M.","family":"Rickman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Sciences Bournemouth University Poole Dorset BH12 5BB U.K"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin 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