{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:10:04Z","timestamp":1788869404806,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]],"date-time":"2014-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Centre in Applied Sciences (RCAS) at the University of Wolverhampton"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Articular cartilage was examined to determine its decomposition sequence and its potential for assessing the postmortem interval. Scanning electron microscopy of articular cartilage from buried porcine trotters showed the presence of microcrystals on the synovial surface. These orthorhombic pyramidal or \u201ccoffin\u201d\u2010shaped crystals, appeared at 3\u00a0weeks (22\u00a0days) after interment and disappeared after 6\u00a0weeks. The disappearance of these crystals was linked to decompositional changes to the integrity of the synovial joint. The formation and disappearance of these crystals was associated with a\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    change at the cartilage surface. Scanning electron microscopy\u2013energy\u2010dispersive X\u2010ray (SEM\u2010EDX) analysis showed that the five main elements contained within these crystals were carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, and phosphorous. Such elemental analysis suggested the crystals may be struvite (MgNH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    PO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    6(H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O)). Bacteria cultured from the cartilage synovial surface produced struvite crystals when grown in suitable media and were identified by DNA analysis to be\n                    <jats:italic>Comamonas<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]],"date-time":"2014-09-16T18:29:28Z","timestamp":1410892168000},"page":"1575-1582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identification of Crystals Forming on Porcine Articular Cartilage: A New Method for the Estimation of the Postmortem Interval"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Glynd\u0175r University Wrexham LL11 2ER U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara M.A.","family":"ten Broek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Ecology Group Department of Biology University of Antwerp 2020 Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Hodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Sciences University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton U.K. WV1 1SB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Whitehead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology Chemistry and Forensic Science Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton U.K. WV1 1SB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wera M.","family":"Schmerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology Chemistry and Forensic Science Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton U.K. WV1 1SB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology Chemistry and Forensic Science Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Wolverhampton Wolverhampton U.K. WV1 1SB"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Taphonomy: new branch of paleontology","volume":"74","author":"Efremov JA","year":"1940","journal-title":"Pan Am Geol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","unstructured":"NawrockiS.An outline of forensic taphonomy. University of Indianapolis Archaeology and Forensics Laboratory 1996;www.archlab.uindy.edu."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS2002169"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420069921.ch9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"109","volume-title":"Forensic osteology: advances in the identification of human remains","author":"Sledzik PS","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13067J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS13311J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00141-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00451-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00175-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"PounderDJ.Postmortem changes and the time of death. University of Dundee forensic medicine 1995;www.dundee.ac.uk\/forensicmedicine\/notes\/timedeath.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/rwfs.2000.0587"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jflm.2010.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196648020-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.31.6.449"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.41.5.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/1623"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","volume-title":"Multivariate and spatial study of the relationships between plant diversity and soil properties in created and semi\u2010natural hay meadows [dissertation]","author":"Vaz S","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","volume-title":"Soil science, methods and applications","author":"Rowell DL","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01571105"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Nonfermentative gram\u2010negative rods. Laboratory identification and clinical aspects","author":"Graevenitz A","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1556-4029.2008.00810.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171700"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155725"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.6.2062-2069.2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.1.143-145.1990","article-title":"Endocarditis associated with Comamonas acidovorans","volume":"28","author":"Horowitz H","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.006072-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.53.11.871"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar602"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-31-1-167"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2422385"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-1393(00)00063-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","first-page":"1127","article-title":"Effects of preferred orientation on x\u2010ray diffraction patterns of Gypsum","volume":"60","author":"Grattan\u2010Bellew PE","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am Mineral"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","unstructured":"Scintag Inc.Chapter 7: Basics of x\u2010ray diffraction.California USA 1999;http:\/\/www.unm.edu\/xrd\/xrdbasics.pdf."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.16.3.157-161.1928","article-title":"The precipitation of magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals during the growth of bacteria in media containing nitrogenous substances","volume":"16","author":"Scudder SA","year":"1928","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02814540"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00126-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Struvite precipitation in WWTPs: causes and solutions","volume":"10","author":"Chirmuley DG","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Austr Water Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00254-003-0913-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(01)00411-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","volume-title":"Forensic entomology: the utility of arthropods in legal investigations","author":"Byrd JH","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b13642"}],"container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1556-4029.12567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12567","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T11:35:02Z","timestamp":1695468902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12567"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1556-4029.12567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.12567","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1198","1556-4029"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1198","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-4029","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]]}}}