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The purposes of this study are a) to review recent literature regarding potential pathophysiological responses to applications of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEW<\/jats:styled-content>s, and other related issues and b) to evaluate whether enough data exist to determine the acceptability of longer\u2010duration (or repeated) exposures. This is a narrative review, using a multidisciplinary approach of analyzing reports from physiological, legal\u2010medical, and police\u2010strategy literature sources. In general, short\u2010duration exposures to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEW<\/jats:styled-content>s result in limited effects. Longer\u2010duration or repeated exposures may be utilized with caution, although there are currently not enough data to determine the acceptability of all types of exposures. Data examined in the literature have inherent limitations. Appropriateness of specific types of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEW<\/jats:styled-content>usage may be determined by individual police agencies, applying risk\/benefit analyses unique to each organization. While more research is recommended, initial concepts of potential future long\u2010duration or repeated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEW<\/jats:styled-content>applications are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,28]],"date-time":"2014-11-28T23:57:03Z","timestamp":1417219023000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exposures to Conducted Electrical Weapons (Including<scp>TASER<\/scp><sup>\u00ae<\/sup>Devices): How Many and\u00a0for How Long are Acceptable?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"James R.","family":"Jauchem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio\u2010effects Division Human Effectiveness Directorate 711th Human Performance Wing U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Fort Sam Houston TX 78234"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"HoJD DawesDM KunzSN MinerJR SweeneyJD.Conducted electrical weapon effectiveness: old vs. new technology. 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