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Three\u2010dimension laser scans of five skulls and ten photographs were overlaid with an imaging software. The resulting superimpositions were evaluated using three methods: craniofacial landmarks, morphological features, and a combination of the two. A 3D model of each skull without its mandible was tested for superimposition; we also evaluated whether separating skulls by sex would increase correct identifications. Results show that the landmark method employing the entire skull is the more reliable one (5\/5 correct identifications, 40% false positives [FP]), regardless of sex. However, the persistence of a high percentage of FP in all the methods evaluated indicates that these methods are unreliable for positive identification although the landmark\u2010only method could be useful for exclusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,3]],"date-time":"2015-09-03T15:43:50Z","timestamp":1441295030000},"page":"5-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Reliability of Craniofacial Superimposition Using Three\u2010Dimension Skull Model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Gaudio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense Sezione di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano via Mangiagalli 37 20133 Milano 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