{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T20:00:15Z","timestamp":1760299215422},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]],"date-time":"2015-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tear gases are used by police or armed forces for control of riots or social events or by the general population for private self\u2010defense. These agents are used widely throughout the world, but some harmful effects have reported. In addition, despite well\u2010defined chemical side effects documented in the literature, data are insufficient regarding mechanical injury due to tear gas capsules. We report three cases of severe maxillofacial injury in patients who had these capsules fired from tear gas guns directly to their faces. The capsules penetrated the patients' faces, causing potentially fatal injuries. To our knowledge, reports of this kind of injury related to tear gas capsules are very rare in the literature. In conclusion, tear gas guns may be very dangerous in terms of human health and they may cause severe injuries, especially when they are not used according to strict guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]],"date-time":"2015-09-16T16:31:40Z","timestamp":1442421100000},"page":"551-554","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Rare and Severe Maxillofacial Injury Due to Tear Gas Capsules: Report of Three Cases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"\u015eeref Kerem","family":"\u00c7orbac\u0269o\u011flu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Ke\u00e7i\u00f6ren Training and Research Hospital Ke\u00e7i\u00f6ren\u2010Ankara 06000 Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serta\u00e7","family":"G\u00fcler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Ankara Training and Research Hospital Mamak\u2010Ankara 06000 Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erhan","family":"Er","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Antakya State Hospital Hatay\u2010Antakya 31000 Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meltem","family":"Seviner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Antakya State Hospital Hatay\u2010Antakya 31000 Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u015eahin","family":"Aslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine Antakya State Hospital Hatay\u2010Antakya 31000 Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6khan","family":"Aksel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine \u00dcmraniye Training and Research Hospital \u00dcmraniye\u2010\u0130stanbul 34760 Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10903127.2014.891063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318206cad9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.5.961","article-title":"Pepper\u2010spray\u2010induced respiratory failure treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"98","author":"Billmire DF","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"73","article-title":"Is the pepper spray a triggering factor in myocardial infarction? 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