{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:54:56Z","timestamp":1790218496446,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1445212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The transfer of materials between victim and perpetrator was first reported by Locard in the nineteenth century. While in recent years <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> testing has been very successful in matching biological material from crime scenes to perpetrators, the following cases demonstrate that other more time\u2010honored methods remain useful. Two cases of lethal assault are reported where the victims had bitten their assailants resulting in fragments of the perpetrators\u2019 skin being wedged between their teeth which were discovered during post mortem oral examinations. As the fragments were able to be matched to injuries in the perpetrators, identification was established prior to confirmatory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> testing. In case 1 a criminal conviction for manslaughter resulted, and in case 2 the identity of the assailant was confirmed. Examination of a properly exposed and illuminated oral cavity may provide useful evidence in assault cases. These cases represent an unusual dental variant of Locard's principle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.12964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]],"date-time":"2015-10-19T09:59:37Z","timestamp":1445248777000},"page":"545-547","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Locard's Principle of Exchange, Dental Examination and Fragments of Skin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Roger W.","family":"Byard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Science SA 21 Divett Place Adelaide SA 5000 Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Anatomy &amp; Pathology The University of Adelaide Frome Rd Adelaide SA 5005 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Odontology The University of Adelaide Frome Rd Adelaide SA 5005 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Berketa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Odontology The University of Adelaide Frome Rd Adelaide SA 5005 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Science SA 21 Divett Place Adelaide SA 5000 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B0-12-369399-3\/00119-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511777783"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004140050063"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","unstructured":"R v Brougham.2014. 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