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A series of energy loss experiments were conducted on fresh porcine organs\/tissues at room temperature and 37\u00b0C, using steel 4.5 mm <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BB<\/jats:styled-content>s fired from a Daisy<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> brand air rifle. They were compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FBI<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NATO<\/jats:styled-content> specification ordnance gelatin and a candidate surrogate material called Simulant \u201cA\u201d. Two <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CED<\/jats:styled-content> M2 chronographs measured <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BB<\/jats:styled-content> velocity. The resulting energy loss was established using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KE<\/jats:styled-content> = 1\/2 mv\u00b2 before and after target perforation. The combined results at room temperature and 37\u00b0C were as follows: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FBI<\/jats:styled-content> specification gelatin was similar (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05) to heart and lung, spleen was similar to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NATO<\/jats:styled-content> specification gelatin, Simulant \u201cA\u201d was similar to hindquarter muscle, and hindquarter muscle, kidney, and spleen were similar to each other regarding energy retardation. These results can be used as a basis for the development of simulant materials to create an anatomically correct heterogeneous model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T09:47:37Z","timestamp":1456480057000},"page":"679-686","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pig Organ Energy Loss Comparison Experiments Using <scp>BB<\/scp>s"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Maiden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology The University of Adelaide Frome Road Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Musgrave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Pharmacology The University of Adelaide Frome Road Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Fisk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ray Last Laboratory The University of Adelaide Frome Road Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger W.","family":"Byard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology The University of Adelaide Frome Road Adelaide SA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198506000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.cedhk.com\/shop\/products\/CED-M2-Chronograph-Set.html(accessed December 11 2014)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"J Jussila 2005 University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"Wound ballistics and the scientific background","author":"Sellier KG","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Bullet penetration: modeling the dynamics and the incapacitation resulting from wound trauma","author":"MacPherson D","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"268","article-title":"Skin perforation and skin simulants","volume":"34","author":"Haag MG","year":"2002","journal-title":"AFTE J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"426","article-title":"The effect of shape on BB and pellet penetration","volume":"4","author":"Rathman GA","year":"1987","journal-title":"AFTE J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"545","article-title":"Increased depth of subcutaneous fat is protective against abdominal injuries in motor vehicle collisions","volume":"47","author":"Wang SC","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-0257(97)00004-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"DewanganKN ShahmireA RakhejaS MarcotteP editors.Gender effect on the seated body apparent mass response to vertical whole body vibration. 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