{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:11:17Z","timestamp":1792599077495,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Forensic Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Motor vehicle accidents (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MVA<\/jats:styled-content>) are often difficult to distinguish from non\u2010accidental injury (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAI<\/jats:styled-content>). This retrospective case\u2013control study compared animals with known<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MVA<\/jats:styled-content>trauma against those with known<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAI<\/jats:styled-content>. Medical records of 426 dogs and cats treated after<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MVA<\/jats:styled-content>and 50 after<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAI<\/jats:styled-content>were evaluated. Injuries significantly associated with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MVA<\/jats:styled-content>were pelvic fractures, pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, abrasions, and degloving wounds. Injuries associated with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAI<\/jats:styled-content>were fractures of the skull, teeth, vertebrae, and ribs, scleral hemorrhage, damage to claws, and evidence of older fractures. Odds ratios are reported for these injuries.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MVA<\/jats:styled-content>rib fractures were found to occur in clusters on one side of the body, with cranial ribs more likely to fracture, while<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAI<\/jats:styled-content>rib fractures were found to occur bilaterally with no cranial\u2013caudal pattern. Establishing evidence\u2010based patterns of injury may help clinicians differentiate causes of trauma and may aid in the documentation and prosecution of animal abuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T15:39:49Z","timestamp":1457019589000},"page":"993-999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Characterization and Comparison of Injuries Caused by Accidental and Non\u2010accidental Blunt Force Trauma in Dogs and Cats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Nida P.","family":"Intarapanich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University North Grafton MA 01536"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily C.","family":"McCobb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University North Grafton MA 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