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This study documents impact biomechanics and fracture characteristics of infant porcine skulls dropped onto flat, curved, edged, and focal surfaces. Results showed that the energy needed for fracture initiation was nearly four times higher against a flat surface than against the other surfaces. While characteristic measures of fracture such as number and length of fractures did not vary with impact surface shape, the fracture patterns did depend on impact surface shape. While experimental impacts against the flat surface produced linear fractures initiating at sutural boundaries peripheral to the point of impact (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POI<\/jats:styled-content>), more focal impacts produced depressed fractures initiating at the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POI<\/jats:styled-content>. The study supported case\u2010based forensic literature suggesting cranial fracture patterns depend on impact surface shape and that fracture initiation energy is lower for more focal impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.13111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,2]],"date-time":"2016-05-02T16:52:31Z","timestamp":1462207951000},"page":"1190-1197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Role of Interface Shape on the Impact Characteristics and Cranial Fracture Patterns Using the Immature Porcine Head Model, ,"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Patrick E.","family":"Vaughan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratories Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin C. 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